Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (pet) by hydrolysis and glycolysis

Carta, Daniela; Cao, Giacomo; D'angeli, C.

doi:10.1065/espr2001.12.104.8

Cited by 195 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is used for foils and bottles as well as for fibers for the textile industry (1). Recycling of PET and modification of its properties for different applications by traditional procedures involve harsh chemical and physicochemical treatments (2,3). Enzymatic modification, particularly by cutinases, has been recognized as a powerful alternative in the past decade (4,5) and, besides offering new avenues for PET recycling, has the additional advantage of creating a modified PET with increased dyeing efficacy and improved binding to polyvinyl chloride without altering the polymer's bulk properties (4,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced Cutinase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate by Covalent Fusion to Hydrophobins

Ribitsch

Acero

Przylucka

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

164

102

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g Cutinases have shown potential for hydrolysis of the recalcitrant synthetic polymer polyethylene terephthalate (PET). We have shown previously that the rate of this hydrolysis can be enhanced by the addition of hydrophobins, small fungal proteins that can alter the physicochemical properties of surfaces. Here we have investigated whether the PET-hydrolyzing activity of a bacterial cutinase from Thermobifida cellulosilytica (Thc_Cut1) would be further enhanced by fusion to one of three Trichoderma hydrophobins, i.e., the class II hydrophobins HFB4 and HFB7 and the pseudo-class I hydrophobin HFB9b. The fusion enzymes exhibited decreased k cat values on soluble substrates (p-nitrophenyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl butyrate) and strongly decreased the hydrophilicity of glass but caused only small changes in the hydrophobicity of PET. When the enzyme was fused to HFB4 or HFB7, the hydrolysis of PET was enhanced >16-fold over the level with the free enzyme, while a mixture of the enzyme and the hydrophobins led only to a 4-fold increase at most. Fusion with the non-class II hydrophobin HFB9b did not increase the rate of hydrolysis over that of the enzyme-hydrophobin mixture, but HFB9b performed best when PET was preincubated with the hydrophobins before enzyme treatment. The pattern of hydrolysis by the fusion enzymes differed from that of Thc_Cut1 as the concentration of the product mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate relative to that of the main product, terephthalic acid, increased. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis revealed an increased scattering contrast of the fusion proteins over that of the free proteins, suggesting a change in conformation or enhanced protein aggregation. Our data show that the level of hydrolysis of PET by cutinase can be significantly increased by fusion to hydrophobins. The data further suggest that this likely involves binding of the hydrophobins to the cutinase and changes in the conformation of its active center. P olyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the best-known and most widespread synthetic polyester in the world. It is used for foils and bottles as well as for fibers for the textile industry (1). Recycling of PET and modification of its properties for different applications by traditional procedures involve harsh chemical and physicochemical treatments (2, 3). Enzymatic modification, particularly by cutinases, has been recognized as a powerful alternative in the past decade (4, 5) and, besides offering new avenues for PET recycling, has the additional advantage of creating a modified PET with increased dyeing efficacy and improved binding to polyvinyl chloride without altering the polymer's bulk properties (4, 5).On the other hand, enzymatic hydrolysis of PET has the inherent disadvantage of occurring at a very low rate (5, 6). The reasons for this are not yet clearly understood. The access of the active center of the cutinase to the insoluble substrate is apparently one of the rate-limiting points, because enlarging the areas around the active sites of cutinases from Fus...

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced Cutinase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate by Covalent Fusion to Hydrophobins

Ribitsch

Acero

Przylucka

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

164

102

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“…methanolysis or glycolysis, leading to original monomers and/or oligomers. [2,3] During the last decade, a number of studies have been published on the synthesis and biodegradability of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Such copolyesters are usually synthesized by the conventional polycondensation of monomers, but can also be synthesized by ester interchange reactions between homopolyesters, such as PET, and either aliphatic monomers or aliphatic polyesters.…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Furanic‐Aromatic Copolyesters by Interchange Reactions between Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Poly[ethylene 5,5′‐isopropylidene‐bis(2‐furoate)]

Kamoun

Salhi

Rousseau

et al. 2006

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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An efficient and environmentally benign synthesis of 3‐organoselenylchromenones was accomplished via iron(III) chloride/diorganyl diselenides‐promoted intramolecular 6‐endo‐dig cyclization of alkynyl aryl ketone derivatives. The cyclization reactions proceeded cleanly under mild reaction conditions, and the desired chromenone derivatives were smoothly isolated in good yields. The methodology proved to be highly regioselective, giving only the six‐membered regioisomers and was carried out using iron(III) chloride/diorganyl diselenide at room temperature and under ambient atmosphere, which could be considered an economic and eco‐friendly protocol.

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“…3 However, the only method acceptable according to the principles of sustainable development is the so-called tertiary or chemical recycling, since it results in the yield of the corresponding monomers. The chemical recycling of PET can be conducted by the following techniques: (i) glycolysis, 4,5 (ii) methanolysis, 6,7 (iii) hydrolysis 8,9 and (iv) aminolysis 10,11 or ammonolysis. 12 All these methods have been reviewed recently by Paszun and Spychaj, 13 Karayannidis and Achilias 14 and Lorenzetti et al 15 These processes are solvolitic reactions which, through ester bond cleavage, give various depolymerised products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A kinetic study of the depolymerisation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by phase transfer catalysed alkaline hydrolysis

López‐Fonseca

González-Marcos

González‐Velasco

et al. 2008

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Chemical or tertiary recycling of waste polymers including PET, poly(ethylene terephthalate), leads to the formation of raw starting monomers by different depolymerisation routes. This work was focused on the identification of the catalytic behaviour, if any, of a series of quaternary phosphonium and ammonium salts as phase transfer catalysts for the alkaline hydrolysis of PET, and on the determination of the kinetics of the phase transfer catalysed process.

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Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (pet) by hydrolysis and glycolysis

Cited by 195 publications

References 22 publications

Enhanced Cutinase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate by Covalent Fusion to Hydrophobins

Enhanced Cutinase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate by Covalent Fusion to Hydrophobins

Furanic‐Aromatic Copolyesters by Interchange Reactions between Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Poly[ethylene 5,5′‐isopropylidene‐bis(2‐furoate)]

A kinetic study of the depolymerisation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by phase transfer catalysed alkaline hydrolysis

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