Chemical Recycling of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by Alkaline Hydrolysis and Catalyzed Glycolysis

Zanela, Tânia Marina Palhano; Muniz, Edvani C.; Almeida, Carlos

doi:10.17807/orbital.v10i3.1104

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The most commonly used degradation methods for PET are thermal or oxidative degradation (Venkatachalam et al, 2012) and chemical degradation, such as hydrolysis, methanolysis, glycolysis, and aminolysis ( Table 5). Among the chemical degradation processes, glycolysis is the preferred method for recycling PET (Khoonkari et al, 2015;Zanela et al, 2018).…”

Section: Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet) Degradation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benzoic acid, anhydrides, aromatic and aliphatic acids, and alcohols (Botelho et al, 2001) Acid hydrolysis Strong acid (H 2 SO 4 ); at 25-100 • C and ∼0.101 MPa, for 96 h 80 TPA and EG (Mancini and Zanin, 2007) Alkaline hydrolysis Alkali (NaOH) and acid (H 2 SO 4 ); at 200-250 • C and 1.4-2 MPa, for 3-5 h 93 First alkaline metal salt of TPA and EG. Then, acidification to TPA and salt of used acid (Sinha et al, 2010;Raheem et al, 2019;Thiounn and Smith, 2020) Alkali (NaOH) and acid (H 2 SO 4 ); at 90 • C, for 9 h 97 TPA and EG (Zanela et al, 2018) Neutral (Genta et al, 2005;Lee and Liew, 2020) supercritical methanol conditions -MeOH:PET 6:1-10:1, at 240-320 • C, for 15-120 min 99.8 (DMT yield) DMT and EG (Liu et al, 2015) microwave reactor PET, methanol, catalyst in a nitrogen atmosphere, at 160-200 • C, for 5-55 min…”

Section: Polyethylene (Pe) Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it presents a major disadvantage, and the amount of acid needed to industrialize this method poses economic, process, and environmental problems. (2) Alkaline hydrolysis occurs in the presence of esterification catalysts, alkaline (NaOH), at a temperature range of 200-250 • C, under pressure (1.4-2 MPa) for 3-5 h with 93% yield ( Table 5), to produce sodium salt of TPA, from which TPA is precipitated by acidification (H 2 SO 4 ) (Sinha et al, 2010;Zanela et al, 2018). Alkaline hydrolysis can treat PET contaminated with other materials but requires catalyst waste management as the used acid and base are environmental threats.…”

Section: Hydrolytic Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

et al. 2020

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Plastics are very useful materials and present numerous advantages in the daily life of individuals and society. However, plastics are accumulating in the environment and due to their low biodegradability rate, this problem will persist for centuries. Until recently, oceans were treated as places to dispose of litter, thus the persistent substances are causing serious pollution issues. Plastic and microplastic waste has a negative environmental, social, and economic impact, e.g., causing injury/death to marine organisms and entering the food chain, which leads to health problems. The development of solutions and methods to mitigate marine (micro)plastic pollution is in high demand. There is a knowledge gap in this field, reason why research on this thematic is increasing. Recent studies reported the biodegradation of some types of polymers using different bacteria, biofilm forming bacteria, bacterial consortia, and fungi. Biodegradation is influenced by several factors, from the type of microorganism to the type of polymers, their physicochemical properties, and the environment conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, UV radiation). Currently, green environmentally friendly alternatives to plastic made from renewable feedstocks are starting to enter the market. This review covers the period from 1964 to April 2020 and comprehensively gathers investigation on marine plastic and microplastic pollution, negative consequences of plastic use, and bioplastic production. It lists the most useful methods for plastic degradation and recycling valorization, including degradation mediated by microorganisms (biodegradation) and the methods used to detect and analyze the biodegradation.

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Section: Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet) Degradation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyethylene (Pe) Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrolytic Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

et al. 2020

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“…Chemolysis process may undergo through various approaches namely alcoholysis, hydrolysis, aminolysis, ammonolysis, and glycolysis using particular reagent to decompose PET structure. It should be noted that procedures involving combinatorial approaches such as aminoglycolysis, [20][21][22] or simultaneous hydrolysis, and glycolysis, [23][24][25][26] etc have also been reported. The procedures and the end products therefrom are summarized in Scheme 3.…”

Section: Chemical Recycling Of Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical recycling ofPET: A stepping‐stone toward sustainability

Shojaei

Abtahi

Najafi

2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

168

113

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This paper focuses explicitly on the chemical approaches involved in the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Due to the high rate of consumption as well as nonbiodegradability, PET plays a crucial role as one of the most significant sources of accumulated waste in the landfill which jeopardizes our planet. To address this issue as well as increased environmentally conscious, running out of landfill space, natural resource, and energy conservation, and producing value-added chemicals to use as building block or co-products, the chemical recycling methods have been evolved. Therefore, there has been an attempt to have a comprehensive review of the five types of conventional recycling methods namely hydrolysis, methanolysis, glycolysis, aminolysis, and ammonolysis studied by researchers over the last two decades. In this regard, the influence of diverse depolymerization reaction variables for instance, traditional catalyst, temperature profile, ionic liquid catalysts, phase transfer catalyst, microwave assistance, etc was reported. Moreover, the upsides and downsides of each technique were considered.

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“…Among the most popular catalysts for PC glycolysis are potassium and sodium hydroxides and carbonates [3], [4], [7]- [10]. Moreover, it is widely known that a number of Lewis acids, including zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, and zinc stearate, are very effective for recycling PET [11]- [14]. In our previous work [15], we have proved that these compounds can also catalyze the decomposition of PC, and among all of them, zinc chloride showed the highest efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic regularities of Lewis Acid-catalysed glycolysis of polycarbonate

Kurneshova

Dzhabarov

Сапунов

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This research focuses to studying on the process of glycolysis of polycarbonate (PC) catalyzed by zinc chloride. The degradation of polyester into monomers (bisphenol A, or BPA, and ethylene carbonate, or EC), which may then interact with one another to generate the matching ethers, was discovered to be the process. As a result, the optimal conditions for the depolymerization of PC to obtain bisphenol A and ethylene carbonate with the highest yield were therefore identified as 180 °C, a molar ratio of 11 between EG and PC, and a mass concentration of 0.12% ZnCl2. A scheme of PC glycolysis has been proposed, and a mathematical model adequately describing the experimental data has been developed.

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Chemical Recycling of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by Alkaline Hydrolysis and Catalyzed Glycolysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

Chemical recycling ofPET: A stepping‐stone toward sustainability

Kinetic regularities of Lewis Acid-catalysed glycolysis of polycarbonate

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