Chemical Reduction Methods for Bromate Ion Removal

Abstract

Bromate ion (BrO3–) in drinking water is a concern to water utilities because of its toxicity—but also because new regulations have been promulgated to lower residual levels of BrO3– in finished water. This study evaluated sulfite ion (SO32–) and reduced iron (Fe2+) as potential removal agents for BrO3–over a wide pH range. The experimental rate law for BrO3– removal using SO32– shows that the rate of removal decreases with increasing pH. The experimental rate law for BrO3– removal using Fe2+ shows that the rate of removal increases with increasing pH.

Application of UV–sulfite advanced reduction process to bromate removal

“…However, the value of the intercept is negligible, suggesting very slow kinetics of a sulfite-bromate reaction. This slow bromate-sulfite reaction is in agreement with previous studies conducted on bromate removal [11]. The quantum yield of the process ranged from 0.016 to 0.019 ± 0.001 mol/Einstein, and as shown in Fig.…”

“…Complete reduction of bromate to bromide is achieved by addition of chemical reducing agents like ferrous iron and sulfite [10]. However, the time scale at a typical drinking water facility to reduce 0.1 mg/L of bromate with sulfite was estimated around 4 days, which is too long to be efficiently used in a treatment process [11]. Under same conditions, ferrous iron could completely reduce bromate with kinetics as fast as 18.7 min.…”

Bromate removal from water by granular ferric hydroxide (GFH)

“…Thus, an efficient technology is required for bromate removal from drinking water. There are some chemical and physical methods for the removal of bromate from drinking water such as reduction using zero-valent iron (Fe 0 ) [6,7], reduction with Fe 2+ [8,9], and SO 3 2− [9], adsorption and reduction by granular activated carbon [10][11][12], ionic exchange [13,14], filtering by reverse osmosis membrane [15], UV irradiation [16], high-energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation [17]. The applicability of most of these methods on commercial scale is limited due to high operational and maintenance costs, secondary pollution and complicated procedure involved in the treatment.…”

Formation of Bromate Ion Through a Radical Pathway in a Continuous Flow Reactor

“…Several other researches have been devoted to strategies to minimize bromate ion formation (Pinkernell and von Gunten, 2001;Song et al, 1997) and to reduce formed bromate ion (Gordon et al, 2002;Yamada, 1993). However, the main purpose of previous studies has been focused on revealing factors affecting bromate ion formation only during ozonation, so both the concentration of bromide ion and the ozone dose were set at much higher values than an actually encountered concentration and applied dose.…”