Chemical Residues and Contaminants in Foods of Animal Origin in Korea during the Past Decade

Kim, MeeKyung; Cho, Byung-Hoon; Lim, Chae-Mi; Kim, Dong-Gyu; Yune, So Young; Shin, Jin Young; Bong, Young Hoon; Kang, JeongWoo; Kim, Myeong-Ae; Son, Seong-Wan

doi:10.1021/jf3046297

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Concentration of active ingredient is the most important characteristic of a drug product, as the amount of active ingredient allows to determine the intensities of treatment and toxicity of that particular drug. Moreover, the noncompliance rates of veterinary medicines are also pertaining in the elevation of contamination and drugs residues in the food products of animal origin [14,15]. The NPMS assessment was initiated in 1964 for the quality control of OCD which are in distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National post-market surveillance assessment of veterinary medicines in Korea during the past decade

Kang¹,

Park²,

Jang³

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundVeterinary medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of diseases, growth promotion, and to promote feeding efficacy in livestock. As the veterinary medicine industry has steadily grown, it is crucial to set up a baseline for the quality of medicine as well as the insufficiency or excessiveness of the active ingredients in drug products to ensure the compliance, safety and efficacy of these medicines. Thus, the 10 years data of post-marketing quality control study was summarized to determine the rate and extent of non-compliance of these medicines and to establish baseline data for future quality control measures of veterinary medicine.ResultsIn this study, 1650 drugs for veterinary use were collected per year from each city and province in Korea and analysed for the quantity of active ingredients according to the “national post-market surveillance (NPMS) system” over the past decade. The NPMS assessment was performed using liquid and gas chromatography, titration, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, and bioassays. A total of 358 cases were deemed noncompliant, with the average noncompliance rate for all medicine types being 2.0%. The average noncompliance rates for antibiotics, biologics and other chemical drugs except antibiotics (OCD) were 1.1%, 1.2%, and 3.0%, respectively. The first leading cause for noncompliant products was insufficient quantity of major ingredients (283 cases), and the second leading cause was the existence of excess amount of active ingredients (60 cases). Tylosin, spiramycin, ampicillin, tetracyclines and penicillins were most frequently found to be noncompliant among antibiotics. Among the OCD, the noncompliance was found commonly in vitamin A.ConclusionThe overall trend presented gradually decreasing violation rates, suggesting that the quality of veterinary medicines has improved. Consistent application of the NPMS assessment and the establishment of the Korea Veterinary Good Manufacturing Practice (KVGMP) will help to maintain the good quality of medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National post-market surveillance assessment of veterinary medicines in Korea during the past decade

Kang¹,

Park²,

Jang³

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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“…It can elicit a muscle‐directed protein anabolic response in young lambs, broiler chickens, rats and horses . Specifically, CL can increase muscle mass while simultaneously decreasing fat mass . CL has been used in veterinary medicine as a bronchodilator and a tocolytic agent for bovine and equine species .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on binding interactions between clenbuterol hydrochloride and two serum albumins by multispectroscopic approaches in vitro

Wang

Zhang

2013

Luminescence

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In this study, binding properties of clenbuterol hydrochloride (CL) with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were examined using constant protein concentrations and various CL contents under physiological conditions. The binding parameters were confirmed using fluorescence quenching spectroscopy at various temperatures. The experimental results confirmed that the quenching mechanisms of CL and HSA/BSA were both static quenching processes. The thermodynamic parameters, namely, enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS), were calculated according to the van't Hoff equation, which suggested that the electrostatic interactions were the predominant intermolecular forces in stabilizing the CL-HSA complex, and hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force were the predominant intermolecular forces in stabilizing the CL-BSA complex. Furthermore, the conformational changes of HSA/BSA in the presence of CL were determined using the data obtained from three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy.

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“…Unfortunately, the accumulation of drug residues and metabolites in eggs, meat, and milk has led to potential hazards for humans. 18−20 Thus, the investigation of the metabolism of antimicrobial agents in food animals becomes very necessary. Valnemulin is one of the antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and in Vivo Metabolite Profiling of Valnemulin Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole/Time-of-Flight Hybrid Mass Spectrometry

Yang

Shi

et al. 2014

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Valnemulin, a semisynthetic pleuromutilin derivative related to tiamulin, is broadly used to treat bacterial diseases of animals. Despite its widespread use, metabolism in animals has not yet been fully investigated. To better understand valnemulin biotransformation, in this study, metabolites of valnemulinin in in vitro and in vivo rats, chickens, swines, goats, and cows were identified and elucidated using ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/time-of-flight hybrid mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). As a result, there were totally 7 metabolites of valnemulin identified in vitro and 75, 61, and 74 metabolites detected in in vivo rats, chickens, and swines, respectively, and the majority of metabolites were reported for the first time. The main metabolic pathways of valnemulin were found to be hydroxylation in the mutilin part (the ring system) and the side chain, oxidization on the sulfur of the side chain to form S-oxides, hydrolysis of the amido bond, and acetylization in the amido of the side chain. In addition, hydroxylation in the mutilin part was proposed to be the primary metabolic route. Furthermore, the results revealed that 2β-hydroxyvalnemulin (V1) and 8α-hydroxyvalnemulin (V2) were the major metabolites for rats and swines and S-oxides (V6) in chickens.

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Chemical Residues and Contaminants in Foods of Animal Origin in Korea during the Past Decade

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

National post-market surveillance assessment of veterinary medicines in Korea during the past decade

National post-market surveillance assessment of veterinary medicines in Korea during the past decade

Studies on binding interactions between clenbuterol hydrochloride and two serum albumins by multispectroscopic approaches in vitro

In Vitro and in Vivo Metabolite Profiling of Valnemulin Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole/Time-of-Flight Hybrid Mass Spectrometry

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