Chemical residues in foods of animal origin: overview and risk assessment

Waltner-Toews, David; McEwen, Scott A.

doi:10.1016/0167-5877(94)90081-7

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For medications containing P4 to be approved for use in food animal species, P4 levels in food products following treatment must not exceed those considered safe for human consumption. In the European Union, no maximum residue limit (MRL) has been set for P4, as the use of commercial veterinary preparations do not raise tissue P4 above normal physiologic ranges found in healthy food animals (Waltnertoews & McEwen, 1994; EMEA, 1999). In the U.S., tolerances for P4 range from 3 to 12 ppb above normal physiologic levels in edible tissues of untreated cattle (CFR Title 21, 556.540), and 5–30 ppb in untreated sheep (Freedom of Information Summary, NADA 141‐302, http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/UCM190797.pdf); no tolerances have been set for goats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone milk residues in goats treated with CIDR-G® inserts

Rowe

Tell

Carlson

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Progesterone (P4)-impregnated intravaginal controlled internal drug-releasing devices (CIDRs) have been used worldwide for estrus synchronization in ruminants. CIDRs serve to place all treated animals in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. The objectives of this study were to compare P4 concentrations in milk from normal reproductively cycling, CIDR-treated, and pregnant goats. CIDRs were placed in treatment goats on day 0 and removed on day 19. Milk was collected daily from day 0 to day 21 from control and CIDR-treated goats and for 5 consecutive days between 40 and 60 days of gestation from pregnant does. Milk P4 was plotted against time (in days) for each individual, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated as an estimate of total milk P4. The AUC(day 0-21) for control and CIDR-treated goats were 29.5 ± 11.9 and 33.7 ± 6.6 d·ng/mL, respectively (P = 0.77). The highest single-day and highest 5-day average P4 values for each animal were also compared among groups. Single-day peak P4 levels were 4.8 ± 1.5, 4.0 ± 1.0, and 6.0 ± 0.4 ng/mL for control, CIDR-treated, and pregnant goats (P = 0.42). The highest 5-day average P4 concentrations were 3.6 ± 1.3, 2.9 ± 1.8, and 4.2 ± 0.3 for control, CIDR-treated, and pregnant goats (P = 0.56). The results of this study show that intravaginal P4 CIDR devices inserted for 19 days in healthy goats resulted in milk P4 levels similar to or less than those endogenously produced during diestrus or pregnancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone milk residues in goats treated with CIDR-G® inserts

Rowe

Tell

Carlson

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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“…Antibiotics are used in food-producing animals not only for treatment of disease, but also to subtherapeutically maintain health and promote growth (Waltner-Toews & McEwen, 1994) except for fish. The use of unauthorised antibiotics or the failure to follow label directions for approved antibiotics could result in unsafe antibiotic residues in food products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the EEC four‐plate test and Premi test for screening antibiotic residues in trout (Salmo trutta)

Kılınç

Meyer

Hilge³

2007

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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The four-plate test (FPT) method was used for the determination of sulfadiazine/trimethoprim residues in trout in the European Community (EC). This microbiological inhibition test used three media seeded with Bacillus subtilis at different pH values (6, 7.2 or 8.0) and a fourth medium seeded with Micrococcus luteus. The Premi test was also used for the determination of sulfadiazine/trimethoprim residues in trout. The effects of a trout muscle supernatant on detection limits of antibiotics with microbiological inhibition tests were measured. The supernatant was applied directly on top of the paper disks impregnated with aqueous antibiotic solutions. Inhibition zones were compared with those obtained by the same standard solution of sulfadiazine/trimethoprim without the trout supernatant. The detection limit of penicillin, sulfadimidine, streptomycin groups of antibiotics were determined for checking the test plates. For supernatant from fish fed with pellets containing antibiotics (sulfadiazine/trimethoprim), the inhibition zones increased according to the duration of the feed application. In the control group, no inhibition zones were detected. The concentration of the residues accumulated and reached a plateau after 5 days. The antibiotics were detectable in the same concentration as on day 7, but three days later (on day 10) they were no longer detectable in the fish samples. In contrast to the 'FPT', 3 days after discontinuing the medicated diet, there were still residues detectable by 'Premi test' on day 10. Data is presented that shows that the FPT and the Premi test methods are very useful for the determination of sulfadiazine/trimethoprim residues in trout.

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“…Low doses of residues in foods, if these have any negative health effects at all, are likely to produce chronic effects after rather long-term exposure 6 . Exposure assessment is sometimes achieved by measuring the quantities of residues within people (e.g., measurements of organochlorines in blood or body fat), or by measuring residue levels in foods and then estimating the amounts of the food eaten by people in society 6,93,94 .…”

Section: Direct and Short Term Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association of diethylstilbestrol (DES) with cancer in the daughters of women treated with this hormone raised questions about the safety of using DES as a growth promoter in animals 5 . Until very recently, the principal food safety issue in the mind of the public was chemical residue contamination and food additives 6 .…”

Section: Issn: 0975-8232mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untitled

2012

IJPSR

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This review describes the potential and, in particular, some relevant hazards associated with the use of veterinary drugs, various pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals that have produced serious environmental risks and affected the life of people along with other animals by posing great health risks. Risk analysis regarding these problems has also been discussed with the measures to handle the problem at global level. The most contentious residues which occur in meat, milk and eggs along with the environment are antibacterial drugs, hormonal growth promoters, heavy metals and industrial chemicals that are producing potential toxic health effects that include systemic toxicity, mutations, cancer, birth defects and reproductive disorders. Systemic toxicity involves changes in the structure and function of organs and organ systems: weight change, structural alterations and changes in organ system or whole animal function. Functional effects may include changes in the lungs, liver, kidneys, cardiovascular function, brain, nervous system activity, behavior and in production of resistance to disease. Furthermore, continued monitoring and periodic reassessment of risks posed by these contaminants is needed to detect or anticipate new problems so that appropriate action can be taken in the interests of public safety.

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Chemical residues in foods of animal origin: overview and risk assessment

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Progesterone milk residues in goats treated with CIDR-G® inserts

Progesterone milk residues in goats treated with CIDR-G® inserts

Evaluation of the EEC four‐plate test and Premi test for screening antibiotic residues in trout (Salmo trutta)

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