Chemical Root Pruning Improves the Root System Morphology of Containerized Seedlings

Wenny, David L.; Woollen, R. L.

doi:10.1093/wjaf/4.1.15

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Because of the various potential combinations of containers, media, copper forms, etc., it is not surprising that studies involving copper root pruning, often with the same species, yield slightly different to very different results. For example, cupric carbonate had little effect on shoot and root biomass of Pinus ponderosa (Wenny and Woollen 1989) whereas copper hydroxide decreased root biomass and increased shoot biomass (Dumroese and Wenny 1997). For Pinus montezumae, which also forms a grass stage, copper hydroxide yielded more shoot and root biomass than the control (Aldrete et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, gas exchange, and chlorophyll content of longleaf pine seedlings in response to rooting volume, copper root pruning, and nitrogen supply in a container nursery

et al. 2013

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Few pine species develop a seedling grass stage; this growth phase, characterized by strong, carrot-like taproots and a stem-less nature, poses unique challenges during nursery production. Fertilization levels beyond optimum could result in excessive diameter growth that reduces seedling quality as measured by the root bound index (RBI). We grew longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), a grass stage species, in containers of four different volumes (60-336 ml) either coated with copper oxychloride or left untreated and fertilized at low, medium, or high levels of nitrogen (N). In general, N concentration of tissues rose as N rate increased, with larger changes in concentration occurring between low and medium levels than between medium and high levels. N rate influenced root tissue N concentration less than it did stems and needles. Subtle needle color differences caused by N rate were significant, suggesting its potential utility during nursery production. As expected, seedlings grew larger as container volume increased and as N rate increased. Copper treatment, which we posited could influence the RBI, tended to increase root-collar diameter and tap root biomass and decrease total root volume. Chlorophyll abundance was affected more by N rate than by container volume or copper treatment, but photosynthesis was affected more by copper treatment than N rate or container size. Although RBI was 25 % greater for seedlings grown in small containers with high N rates than those grown in large containers with low N rates, RBI ranged only from 11 to 15 %, well below the critical 27 % threshold.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, gas exchange, and chlorophyll content of longleaf pine seedlings in response to rooting volume, copper root pruning, and nitrogen supply in a container nursery

et al. 2013

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“…Attributes associated with higher quality root systems increased in value with root pruning, including symmetry, number of radiating straight and large roots, and two measures of root cross-sectional area (CSA) growing into landscape soil. Root pruning nearly doubled the ratio of root CSA growing from the top compared to the bottom half of the root ball, which has been associated with improved anchorage on seedlings (Wenny and Woollen 1989;Dumroese and Wenny 1997). Others found root architecture and slight anchorage improvements from shaving 57 L (Weicherding et al 2007;Gilman and Weise 2012) and 246 L (Gilman 2013) root balls when landscape planting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Storage of resources below ground is restricted by blocked translocation from entanglement of vertical structural roots (Graham and Bormann 1966;Hay and Woods 1968;Hay and Woods 1978). Producing forestry liners with horizontal roots growing from the top of the propagation container is feasible and practical (Wenny and Woollen 1989;Dumroese and Wenny 1997). For example, Chapman and Columbo (2006) showed that coating propagation containers with copper or growing in a substrate held together by fabric mesh produced herringbone root architecture that resulted in greater stability after planting, compared to containers that deflect roots vertically.…”

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confidence: 99%

Container Wall Porosity and Root Pruning Influence on Swietenia mahogani Root Ball Architecture and Anchorage After Planting

Gilman¹,

Paz²,

Harchick³

2015

AUF

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The emerald ash borer (EAB), first discovered in North America in Michigan in 2002, continues to expand its distributional range. Early detection of EAB remains a major caveat in efforts to implement proactive management strategies. Past reports have shown that ash trees infested with EAB have an increased risk of branch failure and other symptoms associated with tree decline. Therefore, early detection efforts could be improved if a suite of tree symptoms—prior to visible signs of EAB infestation—can be identified. Researchers initiated a four-year study in Ohio, U.S. (2009– 2012) to investigate and document symptoms associated with the EAB–ash tree complex in urban sites. The prior history of EAB at the study sites ranged from ash trees with no visible evidence of infestation to those that were infested for more than two years. In trees shown to be recently colonized by EAB, visible signs of infestation, such as adult emergence holes, presence of EAB galleries, bark loss, and canopy loss were not always apparent. However, in EAB-positive trees, there was a significant tendency for the presence of cracks in scaffold branches, branch fractures within the upper canopy, and branch fractures specifically located closer to the union with the stem as opposed to at the branch tip or at the branch’s center of gravity. This study highlights tree symptoms associated with the initial colonization of EAB when host trees are still apparently healthy, which could greatly facilitate future detection efforts for EAB.

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“…The same authors concluded that the rootballs in containers painted on the inside with copper carbonate ( CuCO 3 ) were more densely branched than those without copper treatment. An increased root length (Wenny and Woollen, 1989) and increased number of white root tips within the rootball (Arnold and Young, 199 1) have been reported for plants grown in copper-treated containers. McDonald et al (1984b) found an increase in the number of short roots of container-grown lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. )…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Root dry weight was not affected by the copper treatment in their study. Roots may be distributed more evenly along the sides of the copper-treated container, with less root density at the bottom compared to a nontreated container (Wenny and Woollen, 1989). This distribution pattern may enhance survival and growth after planting (Burdett et al, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Hydroxide Affects Root Distribution of Ilex cassine in Plastic Containers

Gilman¹,

Beeson²

1995

horttech

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The root : shoot ratio for Ilex cassine L. grown 7 months in copper-treated containers was less than in nontreated containers. There was less dry weight for roots <5 mm in diameter in copper-treated containers than in nontreated containers in the outer 1 cm of the rootball. Dry weight of roots >5 mm in diameter within the rootball were not affected by copper hydroxide treatment. Coating the interior of a plastic container with cupric hydroxide eliminated coarse roots (> 5 mm in diameter) and significantly reduced fine root weight from the outer 1 cm of the rootball. Fine roots inside the rootball did not replace fine roots lacking in the outer 1 cm.

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Chemical Root Pruning Improves the Root System Morphology of Containerized Seedlings

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Morphology, gas exchange, and chlorophyll content of longleaf pine seedlings in response to rooting volume, copper root pruning, and nitrogen supply in a container nursery

Morphology, gas exchange, and chlorophyll content of longleaf pine seedlings in response to rooting volume, copper root pruning, and nitrogen supply in a container nursery

Container Wall Porosity and Root Pruning Influence on Swietenia mahogani Root Ball Architecture and Anchorage After Planting

Copper Hydroxide Affects Root Distribution of Ilex cassine in Plastic Containers

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