Chemical Sensors for Automotive Application

Zösel, J.; Deblauwe, Filip; Guth, U.

doi:10.1002/1527-2648(200110)3:10<797::aid-adem797>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…where r E is the reduced elastic modulus at the deepest point, which can be practically computed from the stiffness, and in turn, contact area can help to generate the contact areas at all depths from the measured stiffness according to 2 2 r π 4 ( )…”

Section: Hardness and Elastic Modulus Evaluated By Nanoindentation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Tabor expression based on the theory of indentation of rigid materials shows that average hardness can be related to the yield stress y  . 2 Indenter force (kg) HV Surface area of imprint (mm ) …”

Section: Hardness and Elastic Modulus Evaluated By Nanoindentation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zirconia is a technological material applied in a variety of areas such as optical coatings [1], chemical sensors [2], in addition to hard and protective applications at high temperatures like thermal barrier coatings due to thermal stability of the nanocrystalline coating under long-term service at high temperature [3][4][5][6][7]. Zirconia coating is a reliable material in plenty of wear-resistant applications at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical properties of stabilized zirconia nanocrystalline EB-PVD coating evaluated by micro and nano indentation

2013

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Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin nanocrystalline coatings at different substrate preheating temperatures were deposited via electron beam-physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD). Nanocrystalline ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 was deposited on the bond coat in order to compensate for the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which can be functionalized as a thermal barrier coating (TBC). The aim of this study was to evaluate mechanical properties with respect to adhesion of zirconia nanocrystalline's top ceramic layer to the interfacial bond coat by utilizing micro and nano indentation tests. In the present paper, the structural studies were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of coating content (8 mol% of Y 2 O 3 ). The tetragonal phase of stabilized zirconia was observed. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to characterize the coatings' morphology and microstructure. The mechanical behavior of ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 thin films under point loading conditions was studied by nanoindentation using a Berkovich indenter with 130 nm tip radius. Therefore, adhesion of top coat to the interfacial underlying metallic bond coat known as MCrAlY (M = Ni, Co) was estimated according to the highest peak load tests; for a 120 mN peak load, the film manifested tolerable adhesion properties. Moreover, nanoindentation of ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 nanostructure deposited at 1050 ℃ substrate preheating temperature produced the highest hardness value of about 21.7 GPa. Vickers micro hardness was utilized with the aid of the Tabor equation in order to achieve deeper insight into the correlation between adhesion and deposition process parameters.

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Section: Hardness and Elastic Modulus Evaluated By Nanoindentation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hardness and Elastic Modulus Evaluated By Nanoindentation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical properties of stabilized zirconia nanocrystalline EB-PVD coating evaluated by micro and nano indentation

2013

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“…Because the oxidizer for most combustion processes is air, which contains 78% nitrogen, NO x gases are common components of the exhaust and their concentrations must be minimized [398,399]. In addition, incomplete combustion can result in CO or hydrocarbon gaseous compounds in the exhaust gas, which both represent unconverted chemical energy and are hazardous to the environment.…”

Section: Gaseous Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Fergus

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

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Solid electrolytes are well suited for use in chemical sensors for high-temperature applications. The first such sensors followed from the use of solid electrolytes for thermodynamic measurements, and are based on galvanic cells, for which the open circuit voltage is related to the concentration of the mobile ionic species, or to another target species through equilibration at the electrode surface. However, sensors can also be based on nonequilibrium, but steady-state, potentials established between electrochemical reactions at the electrode. Another approach is to use the current passing through the electrolyte, rather than the voltage across the electrolyte, as the sensor signal. In this chapter we first describe the different methods for using solid electrolytes in chemical sensors, and then discuss some of the materials challenges and example applications. IntroductionMore than 50 years ago, Kiukkola and Wagner [1] demonstrated that solid electrolytes couldbeusedingalvaniccellstomeasurethethermodynamicpropertiesofoxides.Those pioneering studies subsequently led to the more practical application of solid electrolytes in chemical sensors. The ionic conduction in solid electrolytes is thermally activated and thus its rate increases with increasing temperature; consequently, solid electrolytes are well suited for high-temperature applications. On the other hand, such temperature dependencealsomeansthatsensorsbasedonsolidelectrolytescanrespondsluggishlyor may be inoperable at low temperatures. However, one of the advantages of solid-state devices, such as those based on solid electrolytes, is that they can be miniaturized [2,3]. Decreasingthedevicedimensionsreducesdiffusionlengths,whichinturndecreasesthe response time and thus also the minimum operating temperature.Ionic conducting solids can be used in a variety of different types of sensor [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Solids forwhichthe ionicconductivity is much largerthanthe electronic conductivity can Solid State Electrochemistry I: Fundamentals, Materials and their Applications. Edited by Vladislav V. Kharton

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“…Usually, non-Nernstian potentiometric zirconia sensors are applied [2]. But, in situ measurements of combustible gases can also be done using electro-chemical solid electrolyte sensors working in the amperometric mode, if the following conditions hold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%