Chemical softness and acute metal toxicity in mice and Drosophila

Toxicity Assessment of 16 Inorganic Environmental Pollutants by Six Bioassays

“…Unlike the results of Williams et al (1982), Filov et al, and Jones and Vaughn mentioned by Phillips et al (1990), this study did not allow the experimental results obtained to be significantly correlated to electronegativity and the hardness coefficient, used as a molecular descriptor of the 16 inorganic substances tested. However, statistically significant relationships were observed between the IC 50 values calculated with the MTT, NRI, CB, CGR, or DTP assays and the first ionization potential of tested elements (Tables 1-6).…”

Multiparameter Correlations between Properties of Metal Ions and Their Acute Toxicity in Mice

“…Early studies by Jones and Vaughn (1978) indicated that Pearson and Mawby's softness parameter up (Pearson 1973;Pearson and Mawby 1967) might be used as a predictor of toxicity. Our mouse data (Williams et al 1982) showed a better correlation between LD50 and up than that reported by Jones and Vaughn (1978) using diverse data from the literature. Subsequent analyses of our mouse and Drosophila data (Turner et al 1983) showed that some other parameters (e.g., heat of ionization and heat of formation of the sulphide) correlate about as well as up with LD50.…”

“…Since the use of this parameter does not permit the comparison of ions with different oxidation numbers (Ahrland 1968). the analyses in Turner et al (1983) and Williams et al (1982) were confined largely to the application of equation 2 to groups of ions of a given charge. For the 14 divalent ions used in the mouse experiment (Williams et al 1982), a correlation represented by r2 = 0.36 was found with standard error s = 0.57.…”

“…the analyses in Turner et al (1983) and Williams et al (1982) were confined largely to the application of equation 2 to groups of ions of a given charge. For the 14 divalent ions used in the mouse experiment (Williams et al 1982), a correlation represented by r2 = 0.36 was found with standard error s = 0.57. One aim of the present study is to demonstrate a predictive ability for toxicity which can be used for ions of any oxidation number and which is hence independent of up.…”

“…The 14-day LD50 values were obtained for 24 metal ions administered to the mice by intraperitoneal injection. The 4-day LC50 values were then obtained for 17 of the same metal ions administered to the Drosophila by addition to their medium (Williams et al 1982). Later, CE50 val ues for CHO celis were obtai ned for 16 of the same metal ions (Tan et al 1984).…”