Taking
inspiration from natural photonic crystal architectures,
we report herein the successful fabrication of zirconia inverse opal
(ZrO
2
IO) thin-film photonic crystals possessing striking
iridescence at visible wavelengths. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
colloidal crystal thin films (synthetic opals) were first deposited
on glass microscope slides, after which the interstitial voids in
the films were filled with a Zr(IV) sol. Controlled calcination of
the resulting composite films yielded iridescent ZrO
2
IO
thin films with pseudo photonic band gaps (PBGs) along the surface
normal at visible wavelengths. The PBG position was dependent on the
macropore diameter (
D
) in the inverse opals (and
thus proportional to the diameter of the PMMA colloids in the sacrificial
templates), the incident angle of light with respect to the surface
normal (θ), and also the refractive index of the medium filling
the macropores, all of which were accurately described by a modified
Bragg’s law expression. Au/ZrO
2
IO catalysts prepared
using the ZrO
2
IO films demonstrated outstanding performance
for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence
of NaBH
4
, which can be attributed to the interconnected
macroporosity in the films, which afforded a high Au nanoparticle
dispersion and also facile diffusion of 4-nitrophenol to the catalytically
active Au sites.