Chemical speciation and health risks of airborne heavy metals around an industrial community in Nigeria

Chemical Fractionation in Environmental Studies of Potentially Toxic Particulate-Bound Elements in Urban Air: A Critical Review

“…Formally, this review covers the papers published in the last three decades. In fact, 60% of them were published in the last decade [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ] and 30% were published in the years 2001–2010 [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. The studies on operational speciation of PTEs dealt primarily with air quality in Europe (40%) [ 6 , 10 , 11 , 14 ,…”

“…The studies on operational speciation of PTEs dealt primarily with air quality in Europe (40%) [ 6 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 28 ] and Asia (40%) [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The other studies were conducted in the Americas [ 27 , 35 , 43 , 48 , 52 , 56 , 57 ] and Africa [ 18 , 24 , 25 ]. Thus, this review concerns urban areas of different population sizes with low or high industrial activity, with various agricultural influences and with dry and wet climates.…”

“…The most frequent subject of these studies was a group of toxic metals: As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn (50–90% of the papers) [ 9 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 21 , 27 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. The elements such as Al [ 15 , 18 , 20 , 26 , 32 , 33 ], Co [ 9 , 12 , 14 , 17 , 21 , 23 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], V [ 23 , 26 , 27 , 33 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ], Ti [ 10 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 26 , 27 , 32 , 33 ], Sb [ 10 , 11 , 14 , 20 , 27 , 28 , 32 ], Mo [ 20 , 32 , 33 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], Se […”

Assessment of the health risk associated with exposure to heavy metals present in particulate matter deposition in the Małopolska Province

“…One of them is elevated content of heavy metals in different parts of the environment, also in the atmosphere (Du et al 2013, Sun et al 2017, Wieczorek et al 2017, Gruszecka-Kosowska 2018, Song et al 2018. Concerns regarding the health and environmental impact of heavy metal content in particulate matter (PM) have increased in recent years (Hieu & Lee 2010, Talbi et al 2018, Anake et al 2019. Sources of metals in particulate matter include: low emission, road transport, emissions from heavy industry related to coal and petroleum processing, emission from illegal burning of hazardous waste in household furnaces, and more natural sources such as forest fires or volcanic eruptions (Song et al 2018).…”

“…Additionally, they accumulate in organs such as the liver and kidneys, leading to their damage. Health risk assessment is the scientific evaluation of potential adverse health effects resulting from human exposure to a specific hazard (Anderson et al 2002, Dziubanek et al 2014, Anenberg et al 2016, Anake et al 2019.…”