This review is of the literature of 2004 and is organized according to 1).the effect of disinfectants on bacteria, 2) the effect of disinfectants on other microorganisms, 3) the effect of other chemicals on bacteria, and 4) the effect of other chemicals on other microorganisms.
Effect of Disinfectants on BacteriaThe main oxidizing species in the photoferriooxalate system responsible for microorganism inactivation was shown to be the OH radical (Cho et al., 2004).The marine bacterium, Vibrio fischeri was 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive to the alkylphenols than higher trophic level organisms. Significant differences in toxicity were observed for the various phenols and their toxicity was additive (Choi, et al., 2004). Inactivation of K. pneumonia cultures by chlorine was highly sensitive to changes in temperature and concentrations of MgSO4 and FeCl3 unlike inactivation by chloramines (Goel and Bouwer, 2004). Chlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase were shown to be constitutively expressed by Pseudomonas under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions independently of the presence of 2720 Copyright © 2005 Water Environment Federation. Water Environment Research, Volume 77, Number 6chlorate. This is the first report of constitutive expression of these enzymes in bacteria (Xu et al., 2004).
Effect of Disinfectants on other MicroorganismsFor inactivation of 4 logs of coliphage MS-2, , the coefficient of dilution was 0.31 Ayala-del-Rio, H. L; Callister, S. J.; Criddle, C. S.; Tiedje, J. M. (2004) Correspondence Between Community Structure and Function During Succession in Phenol and Phenol-Plus-Trichloroethene Fed Sequencing Batch Reactors. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70(8), 4950. Blaise, C.; Gagne, F.; Chevre, N.; Harwood, M. ; Lee, K.; Lappalainen, J.; Chial, B.; Persoone, G.; Doe, K. (2004) Toxicity Assessment of Oil-Contaminated Freshwater Sediments. Environ. Toxicol. 19(4), 267. Borghese, R.; Borsetti, F.; Foladori, P.; Ziglio, G. ; Zannoni, D. (2004) Effects of the Metalloid Oxyanion Tellurite on Growth Characteristics of the Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70(11), 6595. Butkus, M. A.; Labare, M. P.; Starke, J. A.; Moon, K.; Talbot, M. (2004) Use of Aqueous Silver to Enhance Inactivation of Coliphage MS-2 by UV Disinfection. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70(5), 2848. Cetkausakaite, A.; Pessala. P. ; Sodergren, A. (2004) Elemental Sulfur: Toxicity in vivo and in vitro to Bacterial Luciferase, in vitro Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase, and Bovine Liver Catalase. Environ. Toxicol. 19(4), 372.