Chemical stability and reversibility of PEDOT:PSS electrodes in view of low-cost biocompatible cellulose-assisted biosensors

Machrafi, Hatim; Bobinac, Ilija; Dongo, Patrice D.; Gallo, V.; Iermano, Fabio; Iorio, Carlo Saverio

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102437

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The electric conductivity of pure PEDOT:PSS is of the same order of magnitude as other reported values in 3 , 25 . It can be seen from Table 1 that the ionic liquid increases indeed the electric conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS electrode considerably by two orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In particular, it has been proven that oxidation–reduction reactions take place on the surface of the polymer. Previous cyclic voltammetry tests 3 have, however, shown that these reactions were reversible and that therefore the PEDOT:PSS cathode was reusable. As the anode is made from commercial aluminium foil, this results into a flexible low-cost battery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Therefore, we only make a short assessment of the addition of CuCl 2 to PEDOT:PSS and don’t investigate this any further. More information can be found in 3 . The electrolyte used for the battery device is a 2 M aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, iodine vapors are known to enhance the conductivity of polyacetylene to the order of metals 15 , 16 . Such doping was responsible in increasing the electrical conductivity from S m −1 up to S m −1 , where it should be noted that the conductivity of copper is around S m −1 3 . These doping procedures allowed the use of a series of different conducting polymers, such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and polytiophenes, to mention a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the batteries which were generally used in applications where their rigidity and their volume were of little importance, are no longer suitable for wearable technologies which will favor their compactness and their flexibility. As an example, we can cite the development of smart watches, flexible smartphones as well as sensors, medical dressings for health monitoring (where dressings could need power supply to provide information on the state of health) and Internet of Things 2,3 . In addition to presenting a certain practical aspect, such batteries could make it possible to obtain OPEN 1 Physical Chemistry Group, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced electrical conductivity and stretchability of ionic-liquid PEDOT:PSS air-cathodes for aluminium-air batteries with long lifetime and high specific energy

Machrafi

Iermano

Temsamani

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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A hydrogel film, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT):polystyrenesulfonate (PSS), containing an ionic liquid, is used as an air–cathode for a metal-air battery and its performance is investigated. This work presents the development of the air–cathode and the characterization of its physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Moreover, in view of wearable batteries, these air-cathodes are implemented within a flexible aluminium-air battery. It contains an aluminium anode, an electrolyte made of cellulose paper imbibed with an aqueous sodium chloride solution and the PEDOT:PSS air–cathode. Characterisation tests showed that the ionic liquid did not change the air–cathode chemically, while the electric conductivity increased considerably. The anode has an acceptable purity and was found to be resistant against self-corrosion. Discharge tests showed operating voltages up to 0.65 V, whereas two batteries in series could deliver up to 1.3 V at a current density of 0.9 mA cm−2 for almost a day, sufficient for monitoring and medical devices. Several discharge tests with current densities from 0.25 up to 2.5 mA cm−2 have presented operating lifetimes from 10 h up until over a day. At a current density of 2.8 mA cm−2, the operating voltage and lifetime dropped considerably, explained by approaching the limiting current density of about 3 mA cm−2, as evidenced by linear sweep voltammetry. The batteries showed high specific energies up to about 3140 Wh kg−1. Mechanical tests revealed a sufficient stretchability of the air–cathode, even after battery discharge, implying an acceptable degree of wearability. Together with the reusability of the air–cathode, the battery is a promising route towards a low-cost viable way for wearable power supply for monitoring medical devices with long lifetimes and high specific energies. Optimization of the air–cathode could even lead to higher power applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced electrical conductivity and stretchability of ionic-liquid PEDOT:PSS air-cathodes for aluminium-air batteries with long lifetime and high specific energy

Machrafi

Iermano

Temsamani

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Recent Progress on Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Bioelectrodes

Yang

Liu

2023

Small Science

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Sensing bioelectrical signals paves a way for knowing the health and mental status, providing important clinical information about subjects' physiological and psychological activities. [1] Common bioelectrical signals include electromyogram (EMG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electroencephalogram (EEG). EMG is conducive to explore the activities of nerves and muscles. ECG signals, originating from heart, show the information related to cardiac function. EOG can help to recognize eye diseases. EEG is capable of showing complex neural activities in the brain. [2][3][4][5] Furthermore, bioelectrical signals could integrate with human-machine interfaces (HMI), such as prosthetic control, emotion recognition, eye movement tracking, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR). [6][7][8][9] So far, various bioelectrodes have been developed for recording bioelectrical signals, but it is still challenging to acquire high-quality, stable, and long-term signals. [10,11] Human skin/tissue will deform during body motion, which means that human skin/tissue has to withstand strain. Conventional bioelectrodes are mainly gel electrodes (Ag/AgCl electrodes) and dry electrodes made of metals (e.g., Au, Ag, Cu). Due to the mechanical mismatch with human skin/tissue, they are unable to continuously recording signals. In addition to, long-term use of such electrodes would cause skin irritation. Stretchability is a critical property to ensure bioelectrodes to work normally despite the deformation of human skin/tissue. Lots of interest is devoted to the fabrication of stretchable electrodes. [12][13][14][15][16] These electrodes need to possess matched modulus to adapt to the uneven surface of human skin/tissue. In addition to the mechanical properties, excellent conductivity, adhesion to skin, and biocompatibility are necessary. Furthermore, breathability and self-healing are also the properties people pursuing for. [17] Emerging materials used for bioelectrodes include conductive polymers, conductive hydrogels, carbon materials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes), liquid metals, elastomer composites, etc. [18][19][20][21] Conductive polymers are kinds of organic conjugated polymers with heterocycle, whose conductivity stems from conjugated main chains of delocalized electron/hole. By combining the advantages of both metals and polymers, conductive polymers are easy for fabrication and structure modification. Among them, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has attracted heightened interest due to its excellent conductivity, optical transmittance in the visible region, thermostability, relatively low redox potential, etc. Nevertheless, its insolubility in water hinders further development. It can be overcome by introducing polyelectrolyte like poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) into PEDOT matrix. PSS acts as both dopant and stabilizer by a charge balance mechanism. Since the problem of insolubility in water has been solved, PEDOT becomes the most successful commercial polyelectrolyte. [22] Figure 1 shows the s...

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Advances in miniaturized droplet-based electrochemical pH sensor

Brodský,

Gablech,

et al. 2024

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Chemical stability and reversibility of PEDOT:PSS electrodes in view of low-cost biocompatible cellulose-assisted biosensors

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Enhanced electrical conductivity and stretchability of ionic-liquid PEDOT:PSS air-cathodes for aluminium-air batteries with long lifetime and high specific energy

Enhanced electrical conductivity and stretchability of ionic-liquid PEDOT:PSS air-cathodes for aluminium-air batteries with long lifetime and high specific energy

Recent Progress on Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Bioelectrodes

Advances in miniaturized droplet-based electrochemical pH sensor

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