Chemical structure and hydrocarbon formation of the Huanxian brown coal, China

Kuangzong, Qin; Qiushui, Yang; Guo, Shaohui; Lu, Qinghua; Wei, Shiming

doi:10.1016/0146-6380(94)90195-3

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It has been widely reported that gas and liquid hydrocarbon yields from kerogens, petroleum source rocks and coals are significantly higher under hydrous compared to non-hydrous conditions (Comet et al, 1986;Andresen et al, 1993;Kuangzong et al, 1994;Michels and Landais 1994;Lewan 1997;Behar et al, 2003). The higher products yield under hydrous conditions reported in the above studies is due to water playing the role of a reactive medium by transferring hydrogen and oxygen to kerogen termed the chemical effect of water.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 51%

“…However, the reduction in gas yield in the presence of water under normal hydrous conditions (175 bar) observed in this study confirms that water is an inhibitor in both oil and nhexadecane cracking reactions as opposed to a reactive medium in kerogen conversion reactions (Comet et al, 1986;Andresen et al, 1993;Kuangzong et al, 1994;Michels and Landais 1994;Lewan 1997;Behar et al, 2003;Carr et al, 2009). The retardation of oil and n-hexadecane cracking with increasing pressure reflects the increase in the Ea (activation energy) of the reactions with increasing pressure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Retardation of oil cracking to gas and pressure induced combination reactions to account for viscous oil in deep petroleum basins: Evidence from oil and n-hexadecane pyrolysis at water pressures up to 900 bar

Uguna

Carr²,

Snape

et al. 2016

Organic Geochemistry

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Retardation of oil cracking to gas and pressure induced combination reactions to account for viscous oil in deep petroleum basins: Evidence from oil and n-hexadecane pyrolysis at water pressures up to 900 bar

Uguna

Carr²,

Snape

et al. 2016

Organic Geochemistry

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“…This difference has been observed in several studies (e.g. Andresen et al, 1993;Koopmans et al, 1999;Kuangzong et al, 1994;Uguna et al, 2012). A comparative "hydrous versus anhydrous closed pyrolysis" study of lignite up to 350 °C resulted in differences in yields of up to 70 % (Behar et al, 2003).…”

Section: Extract Yields and Thermal Maturation Levelsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In the presence of liquid water the generation of saturate-enriched oil is dominant, which is similar to natural crude oil. Comparative pyrolysis experiments of coals (Kuangzong et al, 1994) revealed higher yields for hydrous pyrolysis with higher amounts of aliphatics and aromatics, a significantly lower content of resins and a higher amount of asphaltenes. A short comparison of low-pressure anhydrous pyrolysis, high-pressure anhydrous pyrolysis and hydrous pyrolysis is given by Burnham (1993).…”

Section: Yields Of Hydrocarbons (Oil and Gas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Net-volume Table 3. Comparison of the results of different pyrolysis techniques, using Type-III kerogen (Behar et al, 2003 a (Behar et al, 2003, p. 200); b (Artok et al, 1998); c (Kuangzong et al, 1994); d (Behar et al, 1995); e (Arneth and Matzigkeit, 1986); f (Michels et al, 1995); g (Monthioux et al, 1985); h (Huang, 1996) decrease reactions were in favour of anhydrous reactions.…”

Section: Influence Of Confining Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Simulation Of Hydrocarbon Expulsion

Schwark¹,

Stockhausen²,

Galimberti³

et al. 2014

International Petroleum Technology Conference

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Investigating generation, expulsion and primary migration usually suffers from inadequate methodologies, failing in the provision of natural conditions, prevailing during the genesis of oil and gas. Destructive sample preparation, inappropriate pressure regimes and pyrolysis in closed mode and/or in the absence of water caused results not representative for natural processes. To overcome these limitations, a newly designed apparatus was developed and built, capable to perform pyrolysis experiments with intact rock samples under pressure regimes, prevailing during catagenesis. In detail, lithostatic (or overburden-) pressures and hydrostatic (or pore-) pressures, corresponding to 3000 m depth and beyond, can be simulated by this apparatus, the "Expulsinator" device. Additionally, the experiments are conducted as hydrous, semi-open pyrolysis, allowing the time-based sampling of the expelled products. Thus, generation/expulsion profiles are generated for each investigated source-rock. Comparison of generation and expulsion efficiency of the Expulsinator with established pyrolysis methodologies (MSSV, HyPy, Rock Eval and closed small vessel pyrolysis (CSVP)) reveals striking differences: Expulsinator experiments yielded more bitumen and released lower gas amounts than classic pyrolysis. This is caused by secondary alteration of products in case of classic pyrolysis, e.g. oil to gas cracking at higher temperatures and polymerization to pyrobitumen. The open setup of the Expulsinator experiments prevents successfully secondary alteration, increasing the liquid product yields and lowering the gas formation. This is mirrored in TOC conversion rates as well: Expulsinator conversion exceeds 81 %, whereas those of hydrous CSVP remains at 65 %. Further, interactions between kerogen, bitumen, pyrobitumen and pyrite are reduced in case of Expulsinator experiments. In contrast, CSVP experiments residues show enrichment of nitrogen and oxygen and depletion of sulphur, indicating intense interaction between the mentioned components. Investigating the impact of catagenesis onto the yields and composition of expelled products was carried out by a stepwise experimental setup, simulating burial depths of ~2000 m, ~2500 m and 3000 m, implementing overburden pressures from 600 bar to 900 bar and hydrostatic pressures from 200 bar to 300 bar. Each experiment step shows a distinct expulsion maximum of liquid hydrocarbons, reaching the total maximum at 3000 m. Confrontation of Expulsinator results with comparative CSVP and MSSV experiments reveal expulsion and primary migration effects onto the n-alkane distribution in dependence of maturation and subsidence. An n-alkane increase towards larger molecular size with ongoing expulsion is associated with molecular size controlled retention effects. The expulsion progress is mirrored in trends of isoprenoid-ratios (pristane vs. phytane) and isoprenoidn-alkaneratios (pristane vs. n-C17), caused mainly by generation controlled effects. However, both ratios qualify as expulsion indicator, taking ...

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