Chemical structure of networks resulting from curing of diglycidylamine-type resins with aromatic amines

Attias, André Jean; Ancelle, J.; Bloch, B.; Lauprêtre, F.

doi:10.1007/bf00255113

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…13C CPMAS NMR has been used to observe the effects of nonbonding interactions in small molecule systems unrelated to polymers. Guest-host interactions in poly-tertbutyl(calix [4]arene)/toluene clathrates6 and Dianin's compound clathrates6 bring about chemical shift changes, while 0024-9297/91 /2224-3651$02.50/0 electron transfer from hexamethylbenzene to a series of acceptors results in a downfield shift of the donor aromatic carbons. 7 In bulk macromolecular systems, the difference in chemical shift due to nonbonding interactions is often smaller than the line width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state NMR study of charge-transfer interactions in polymer blends

Simmons¹,

Natansohn²

1991

Macromolecules

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state NMR study of charge-transfer interactions in polymer blends

Simmons¹,

Natansohn²

1991

Macromolecules

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“…However, the structure of TGAP has a glycidyl amine group on one side of the phenyl ring, placing two epoxide rings in close vicinity. If one reacts to give a hydroxyl group and the other does not, the possibility of an etherification reaction in the form of internal cyclization increases, as shown in Figure . , Internal cyclization to form an ether link is a slow reaction and will only occur once all amine groups have reacted . There are no suitable peaks in NIR to identify if internal cyclization or etherification occurs as there is no net increase in hydroxyl groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the Influences on Network Formation in Structural Isomers of Multifunctional Epoxies Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Whittaker,

Foreman

2024

Macromolecules

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The network formation of four epoxy-rich formulations of the structural isomers of triglycidyl aminophenol and diaminodiphenyl sulfone has been monitored by using two complementary techniques, near-infrared spectroscopy and resin temperature monitoring. The differences between these networks have been described using the concentration of epoxide, primary amine, secondary amine, and tertiary amine functional groups and the actual temperature of the resin compared to the oven temperature during the cure schedule. It was found that initially, the 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (33′DDS) formulations were more reactive and primary amines were completely consumed before the 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (44′DDS) formulations. Secondary amines were formed more quickly in 33′DDS formulations compared to 44′DDS. The triglycidyl-meta-aminophenol (TGmAP) formulations consumed secondary amines and produced tertiary amines faster than the triglycidyl-para-aminophenol (TGpAP) formulations, indicating higher levels of cross-linking occurred earlier in the curing reaction. Etherification occurred much earlier in the TGpAP formulations than in the TGmAP formulations. Results suggest that internal cyclization occurs in the three meta isomer-containing formulations, and a corresponding lack of this effect in TGpAP/44′DDS results in a more homogeneous cross-linked network.

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“…This is an approximation since steric and diffusion restrictions and epoxide homopolymerization also occur. In fact, it has been demonstrated that various cyclic structures are present in networks formed with a primary amine curing agent (12). Consequently, the quantities of reactants usually are determined empirically by varying their proportions, curing as completely as possible, and determining the Tg or the heat-deflection temperature (HDT).…”

Section: Stoichiometry and Curementioning

confidence: 99%