Chemical Structure of the Water-Insoluble Polysaccharide Isolated from the Fruiting Body of Ganoderma lucidum

Chen, Jinghua; Zhou, Jinping; Zhang, Lina; Nakamura, Yo; Norisuye, Takashi

doi:10.1295/polymj.30.838

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Such α-glucans, which are not available for the enzymes commonly used in the set, can be structurally different from amylose or phytoglycogen. Linear α-1,3-glucan (pseudonigeran) as well as more complex polysaccharides including mixed α,β-glucans have been isolated from various mushrooms and microscopic fungi (Horisberger et al 1972;Kiho et al 1989;Chen et al 1998;Zhang et al 1999;Jin et al 2004;Wang et al 2007); and our preliminary investigation confirmed their presence in the fruit bodies of Pleurotus. The susceptibility of specific fungal α-glucans to enzymatic hydrolysis by α-amylase and α-glucosidase has not yet been studied, so we cannot be fully confident that the method of β-glucan assay used in this work is more effective than that used by Manzi et al (2000Manzi et al ( , 2001Manzi et al ( , 2004.…”

Section: Contents Of Glucanssupporting

confidence: 62%

Mushrooms of genus Pleurotus as a source of dietary fibres and glucans for food supplements

Synytsya¹,

Míčková²,

Jablonský³

et al. 2008

Czech J. Food Sci.

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Synytsya A., Míčková K., Jablonský I., Sluková M., Čopíková J. (2008): Mushrooms of genus Pleurotus as a source of dietary fibres and glucans for food supplements. Czech J. Food Sci., 26: 441-446.Fruit bodies (separately pilei and stems) of mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (four strains) and Pleurotus eryngii were characterised as a source of polysaccharides. The contents of glucans and dietary fibres were determined with using the respective Megazyme enzymatic kits. Enzymatic analysis of the fruit bodies confirmed significant differences in the contents of these components among the species and strains. The stems contained more insoluble dietary fibres than the pilei in all the cases and more β-glucans in most cases. However, relatively high contents of β-glucan (20-50% of dry matter) could be a result of incomplete enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble α-1,3-glucans. Nevertheless, low food quality stems of mushrooms Pleurotus sp. could be a valuable source of cell wall glucans for the preparation of food supplements.Keywords: mushrooms Pleurotus; glucans; dietary fibres; food supplements For millennia, humankind has been valued mushrooms as an important edible and medical resource (Chang 1980;Breene 1990;Wasser 2002). The dry matter of mushroom fruit bodies is about 5-15%, they have a very low fat content and contain 19-35% proteins. Mushroom fruit bodies are rich in vitamins, mainly B 1 , B 2 , C, and D 2 (Manzi et al. 1999;Mattila et al. 2000), and contain some important elements such as K and P (Vetter 2007). The content of carbohydrates, which are mainly present as polysaccharides or glycoproteins, ranges 50-90%; the most abundant polysaccharides are chitin, α-and β-glucans and other hemicelluloses (e.g. mannans, xylans and galactans). 442Vol. 26, No. 6: 441-446 Czech J. Food Sci. 1988). Their solubility in water strongly depends on the molecular structure and conformation. Glucans bound to proteins or to chitin are usually insoluble in water. Mushroom-derived substances with antitumour, immunomodulating, and antioxidative properties are currently used as dietary supplements. Mushroom polysaccharides with antitumour action differ greatly in their chemical compositions and configurations, as well as in their physical properties. Immunomodulatory and antitumour activities are exhibited by a wide range of glycans extending from homopolymers to highly complex heteropolymers; the differences in their activities can be correlated with the solubility in water,molecular size, branching rate and form (Augustín 1998; Ooi & Lui 1999;Wasser 2002;Novak & Vetvicka 2008). Besides the well-known antitumour β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucans (Kuniak et al. 1992(Kuniak et al. , 1998, a wide range of biologically active glucans of different structures have been described. Linear or branched polysaccharides chains occur with a backbone composed of α-or β-linked glucose units, and their various side chains can be attached in different ways. The main source of biologically active polysaccharides appears to be fungal cell walls consisti...

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Section: Contents Of Glucanssupporting

confidence: 62%

Mushrooms of genus Pleurotus as a source of dietary fibres and glucans for food supplements

Synytsya¹,

Míčková²,

Jablonský³

et al. 2008

Czech J. Food Sci.

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“…The 13 C NMR spectrum of the native Pi‐PCM3‐I exhibits six signals around 99.7, 82.4, 71.9, 70.9, 69.4, and 60.1 ppm, which are assigned to C‐1, C‐3, C‐5, C‐2, C‐4, and C‐6, respectively. Clearly, all chemical shifts are perfectly identical to that of (1→3)‐α‐ D ‐glucan,29, 31 confirming that the Pi‐PCM3‐I sample is a linear (1→3)‐α‐ D ‐glucan. Compared with the native Pi‐PCM3‐I, there are four new signals caused by sulfation of the hydroxyl groups in the 13 C NMR spectra of the sulfated derivative.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The 13 C NMR spectra of the native Pi‐PCM3‐I and the S5 sulfated derivative are shown in Figure 3. The chemical shifts of the Pi‐PCM3‐I and S5 samples, together with those of (1→3)‐α‐ D ‐glucan and the sulfated one reported previously,29–31 are listed in Table I. The 13 C NMR spectrum of the native Pi‐PCM3‐I exhibits six signals around 99.7, 82.4, 71.9, 70.9, 69.4, and 60.1 ppm, which are assigned to C‐1, C‐3, C‐5, C‐2, C‐4, and C‐6, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Solution properties of (1→3)‐α‐D‐glucan and its sulfated derivative from Poria cocos mycelia via fermentation tank

Huang

Zhang

2005

Biopolymers

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From Poria cocos mycelia yielded via a pilot scale facility-fermentation tank, a water-insoluble (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan coded as Pi-PCM3-I was isolated by extraction with 0.5 M NaOH/0.01 M NaBH(4) aqueous solution. Nine fractions from F1 to F9 with a weight-average molecular mass (M(w)) range from 7.75 x 10(4) to 57.3 x 10(4) were prepared from the Pi-PCM3-I sample by a nonsolvent addition method. The fractions were reacted with chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine complex to product water-soluble sulfated derivatives coded as S1 to S8 with M(w) from 2.36 x 10(4) to 14.5 x 10(4) and degree of substitution (DS) of 0.86-1.38. M(w), z-average radius of gyration (s(2) (z) (1/2)), the second virial coefficient (A(2)), and the intrinsic viscosity ([eta]) of the native and sulfated Pi-PCM3-I were measured by laser light scattering (LLS), size-exclusion chromatography combined with LLS (SEC-LLS), and viscometry at 25 degrees C. The Mark-Houwink equations for Pi-PCM3-I in 0.25 M LiCl/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Me(2)SO) and for its sulfated derivative in 0.15 M NaCl aqueous solution at 25 degrees C were established to be [eta] = 1.33 x 10(-2) M(w) (0.75+/-0.01) (mL g(-1)) and [eta] = 1.46 x 10(-4) M(w) (1.13+/-0.01) (mL g(-1)), respectively. On the basis of theories for a wormlike cylinder model, the conformational parameters of the native and sulfated Pi-PCM3-I were calculated to be 760 +/- 50 and 1060 +/- 30 nm(-1) for the molar mass per unit contour length (M(L)), 6.3 +/- 0.5 and 13.1 +/- 1 nm for the persistence length (q), and 14.9 +/- 0.2 and 31.8 +/- 1 for the characteristic ratio (C( proportional, variant)), respectively. The results revealed that Pi-PCM3-I existed as an extended flexible chain in 0.25 M LiCl/Me(2)SO, and its sulfated derivative existed as a semistiff chain in 0.15 M NaCl aqueous solution. Furthermore, Pi-PCM3-I possessed similar structure and molecular parameters to wc-PCM3-I from a rotary shaker; this suggests promising industrialization of Poria cocos polysaccharides.

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“…(Ukai et al, 1982). Chen et al, (1998) have isolated water-insoluble glucans, namely GL4-1 and GL4-2 from the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum. A water soluble and low branched polysaccharide (SGL-III) was isolated from the spores of G. lucidum (Zhao et al, 2005).…”

Section: Ganoderma Polysaccharides With Non-reported Bioactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides with antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities

et al. 2015

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This review aims to contribute to the growing knowledge on bioactive (antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial) properties of polysaccharides, glycoproteins and polysaccharidic extracts obtained from Ganoderma species. The chemical features were analyzed and related to correspondent bioactivities. ____________________________________________________________________ 2 Research highlightsChemical features of Ganoderma bioactive polysaccharides were discussed.Methods for extraction, isolation and identification were evaluated.Bioactivity of polysaccharidic extracts and purified compounds were discussed.Integration of data allowed deduction of structure-activity relationships.

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Chemical Structure of the Water-Insoluble Polysaccharide Isolated from the Fruiting Body of Ganoderma lucidum

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Mushrooms of genus Pleurotus as a source of dietary fibres and glucans for food supplements

Mushrooms of genus Pleurotus as a source of dietary fibres and glucans for food supplements

Solution properties of (1→3)‐α‐D‐glucan and its sulfated derivative from Poria cocos mycelia via fermentation tank

Chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides with antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities

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