Chemical Structure–Physicochemical Property Relationships of Copolymers Utilizable for Negative-Tone Photoimaging via Chemical Amplification

Abstract

We demonstrate an understanding of different physicochemical properties of copolymers induced by systematic changes in their structural parameters, i.e., the chemical structure of the comonomer unit, composition, molecular weight, and dispersity. The terpolymers were designed to be implemented in a chemically amplified resist (CAR) to form negative-tone patterns. With two basic repeating units of 4-hydroxystyrene and 2-ethyl-2methacryloxyadamantane as monomers for conventional CARs, the pendant group of the third methacrylate comonomer was varied from aromatic, aliphatic lactone to lactone rings to modulate the interaction capability of the copolymer chains with n-butyl acetate, which is a negative-tone developer. Along with these structures, the monomer composition, molecular weight, and dispersity were also controlled. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized copolymers having controlled structures, i.e., dissolution behaviors and quantified Hansen solubility parameters, surface wetting characteristics, and surface roughness, which can be important properties affecting patterning capability in high-resolution lithography, were explored. Furthermore, the feasibility to use experimentally determined Hansen solubility parameters of the copolymers for the prediction of pattern formation using a coarse-grained model was assessed. Our comprehensive studies on the correlation of the structural parameters of the copolymers with final properties offer fundamental avenues to attain effective designs of the complex CAR system toward the lithographic process to achieve a sub-10 nm dimension, which is close to a single-chain dimension.