Chemical Studies on Tropical Fruits

Identification of volatile compounds in cultivars barker, collinson, fortuna and geada of avocado (Persea americana, Mill.) fruit

“…Among the volatile compounds identified in this study, hexanal represented over 25% of the total chromatogram in Fortuna, Collinson and Barker cultivars, this result is coherent with most of the work published (Yamaguchi et al, 1983;Guzmán-Gerónimo et al, 2008, Pereira et al, 2013Dbenland et al, 2012). Hexanal (linoleic acid derivative) has been reported to be a volatile compound present in avocado pulp together with [E] 2-hexenal, octanal and nonanal.…”

“…Different superscript letters in the same row denote significant differences (p < 0.05); Standard deviation (SD) <0.01 is reported as 0.01 (n=3); + Compound detected but its area was less than 0.5%; ND: Not detected; * Tentative identification; 1 Reported in pulp of Australian hybrid cultivar "Sherwil" (Whitfield et al, 1980); 2 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Yamaguchi et al, 1983); 3 Reported in avocado leaves of Guatemalan and West Indian races (King & Knight, 1992); 4 Reported in pulp of fruit obtained from Israel (Sinyinda & Gramshaw, 1998); 5 Reported in pulp of California and Hass cultivars (Pino et al, 2000); 6 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Moreno et al, 2003); 7 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Lopez et al, 2004) Different superscript letters in the same row denote significant differences (p < 0.05); Standard deviation (SD) <0.01 is reported as 0.01 (n=3); + Compound detected but its area was less than 0.5%; ND: Not detected; * Tentative identification; 1 Reported in pulp of Australian hybrid cultivar "Sherwil" (Whitfield et al, 1980); 2 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Yamaguchi et al, 1983); 3 Reported in avocado leaves of Guatemalan and West Indian races (King & Knight, 1992); 4 Reported in pulp of fruit obtained from Israel (Sinyinda & Gramshaw, 1998); 5 Reported in pulp of California and Hass cultivars (Pino et al, 2000); 6 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Moreno et al, 2003); 7 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Lopez et al, 2004); 8 Reported in pulp of Moro cultivar from Cuba (Pino et al, 2004); 9 Reported in pulp of Fuerte cultivar from Egypt (El Mageed, 2007); 10 Reported in pulp of Hass cultivar from Mexico (Guzmán-Gerónimo et al, 2008); 11 Reported in oil of pulp of Australian cultivar (Haiyan et al, 2007); 12 Reported in pulp of Hass cultivar from Mexico (Dbenland et al, 2012); 13 Reported in pulp of West Indian cultivar from Florida, USA (Pereira et al, 2013). Among the identified components in all avocado cultivars were 27 alcohols, 13 aldehydes, 11 terpenes, 11 esters, 9 aromatics, 6 furans and 3 ketones.…”

“…Among them some important compounds from fruity/floral/sweet aroma standpoint are: 3-methyl-1-penten-3-ol (green, fruity), 2-octanol (floral), 1,2-propane-diol (sweet), nonanol (fruity), tridecanol (sweet-fruity), (E)-2-pentenal (fruity), isopropyl formate (sweet), isopropyl acetate (fruity), octyl acetate (fruity-floral, waxy), linalyl hexanoate (fruity), propyl dodecanoate (floral), 2-decanone (floral), acetophenone (sweet), p-methyl acetophenone while those with fatty/oily/waxy notes are: 2-propanol (bitter), 2-butanol (oily), 2-hexanol (fatty, fruity), 4-methyl-1-pentanol (oily), methyl dodecanoate (waxy, fatty). Different superscript letters in the same row denote significant differences (p < 0.05); Standard deviation (SD) <0.01 is reported as 0.01 (n=3); + Compound detected but its area was less than 0.5%; ND: Not detected; * Tentative identification; 1 Reported in pulp of Australian hybrid cultivar "Sherwil" (Whitfield et al, 1980); 2 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Yamaguchi et al, 1983); 3 Reported in avocado leaves of Guatemalan and West Indian races (King & Knight, 1992); 4 Reported in pulp of fruit obtained from Israel (Sinyinda & Gramshaw, 1998); 5 Reported in pulp of California and Hass cultivars (Pino et al, 2000); 6 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Moreno et al, 2003); 7 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Lopez et al, 2004); 8 Reported in pulp of Moro cultivar from Cuba (Pino et al, 2004); 9 Reported in pulp of Fuerte cultivar from Egypt (El Mageed, 2007); 10 Reported in pulp of Hass cultivar from Mexico (Guzmán-Gerónimo et al, 2008); 11 Reported in oil of pulp of Australian cultivar (Haiyan et al, 2007); 12 Reported in pulp of Hass cultivar from Mexico (Dbenland et al, 2012); 13 Reported in pulp of West Indian cultivar from Florida, USA (Pereira et al, 2013). …”

“…(E)-2-hexenal, β-caryophyllene and α-copaene (Whitfield et al, 1980). Avocado fruits harvested in Mexico were analyzed by Yamaguchi et al (1983) identified 52 volatile compounds, the main compounds being C 6 alcohols and aldehydes (hexanol, (E)-2-hexenol, (E)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal. Pino et al (2000) analyzed volatile constituents of two cultivars (California and Haas) of avocado and reported the presence of 35 compounds, most of these being terpene types such as (E)-nerodilol, β-caryophyllene, β-pinene, trans-α-bergamotene and β-bisabolene.…”

Compostos voláteis dos frutos de maracujá (Passiflora edulis forma Flavicarpa) e de cajá (Spondias mombin L.) obtidos pela técnica de headspace dinâmico

“…Furfural e 5-metilfurfural, identificados na polpa de maracujá podem ter sido formados pela reação do rearranjo Amadori, envolvendo primeiramente as carbonilas, usualmente dos açúcares redutores e dos grupos aminos livres [19]. HIU & SCHEUER [8] demonstraram que os ésteres, butanoato de etila e o hexanoato de hexila representavam cerca de 2% e 70%, respectivamente, no extrato etéreo do maracujá amarelo.…”