Chemical surface densification of hardwood through lateral monomer impregnation and in situ electron beam polymerization, Part I: density profile and surface hardness of three hardwood species

Triquet, Juliette; Blanchet, Pierre; Landry, Véronic

doi:10.1007/s10853-021-06009-7

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…A primary way to treat wood by surface impregnation was through the insertion reactive material. Triquet et al chemically increased the surface density of various hardwood species by in situ polymerization of acrylate monomers [232]. The monomers were vacuum impregnated for 150 s after being dropped on a single surface of wood, which was followed by electron-beam polymerization.…”

Section: Wood Surface Impregnationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system, establishing the synergistic effect of SiO 2 and K 2 CO 3 on the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the treated poplar, allowed for the obtention of a satisfying 30.5% LOI even after leaching. Finally, wood with very high impact resistance was prepared by surface impregnating reactive chemicals prior to one-sided surface densification [232][233][234].…”

Section: Economical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in Chemical Wood Surface Improvements and Modifications: A Review of the Last Five Years

Blanchet

Pepin

2021

Coatings

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Increasing the use of wood in buildings is regarded by many as a key solution to tackle climate change. For this reason, a lot of research is carried out to develop new and innovative wood surface improvements and make wood more appealing through features such as increased durability, fire-retardancy, superhydrophobicity, and self-healing. However, in order to have a positive impact on the society, these surface improvements must be applied in real buildings. In this review, the last five years of research in the domain of wood surface improvements and modifications is first presented by sorting the latest innovations into different trends. Afterward, these trends are correlated to specifications representing different normative, ecologic and economic factors which must be considered when expecting to introduce a wood treatment to the market. With this review, the authors hope to help researchers to take into consideration the different factors influencing whether new innovations can leave the research laboratory or not, and thereby facilitate the introduction of new wood surface treatments in the society.

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Section: Wood Surface Impregnationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Chemical Wood Surface Improvements and Modifications: A Review of the Last Five Years

Blanchet

Pepin

2021

Coatings

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“…At present, modification methods of wood are divided into heat treatment, , acetylation, , resin impregnation, silanization, in situ grafting polymerization of monomers, , and mineralization of wood tissues . Among them, resin impregnation is the most commonly used method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Strength, Dimensionally Stable, and Flame-Retardant Fast-Growing Poplar Prepared by Ammonium Polyphosphate–Waterborne Epoxy Impregnation

Hao

Huang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The simple, high-performance, and flame-retardant modification method is significantly important for the effective utilization of wood. In this work, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and waterborne epoxy resin (WEP) were used for the treatment of fast-growing poplar by vacuum pressure impregnation to resolve the flammability, poor dimensional stability, and low mechanical strength problems. The results showed that 5A-E-Wood had strong self-extinguishing properties and passed the UL-94 V-0 combustion test, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value can reach 32.1%. Furthermore, the residue char weight of 5A-E-Wood reached 41.07%, which significantly promoted char-forming. Especially, the cone results showed a low heat release rate and an excellent smoke suppression effect. In addition, the incorporation of APP/WEP into wood can reduce water uptake (WU) and equilibrium moisture content (EMC), significantly improving dimensional stability and mechanical properties. Most important of all, the weight leaching ratio (WLR) of APP was extremely reduced. Therefore, this research presented that the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the wood improved visibly due to the successful penetration of APP and WEP into the wood cell, which laid the foundation of its use as a high-performance wood-based material.

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“…Regarding the processes used to impregnate wood, the vacuum-pressure process is one option to introduce FR solutions into wood lumens. With this technique, high weight gains of up to 100% can be obtained depending on the wood’s anatomy, the solution’s viscosity, and the molecular weight of the compounds in solution [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Impregnation using phosphorus-based compounds such as ammonium polyphosphate [ 40 ], guanyl urea phosphate [ 41 ] or organo-phosphorus compounds [ 42 ] provides an improvement of wood FR properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Polyelectrolyte Treatment to Flame-Retard Wood

et al. 2021

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Fire protection has been a major challenge in wood construction for many years, mainly due to the high flame spread risk associated with wood flooring. Wood fire-retardancy is framed by two main axes: coating and bulk impregnation. There is a growing need for economically and environmentally friendly alternatives. The study of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) for wood substrates is in its infancy, but PECs’ versatility and eco-friendly character are already recognized for fabric fire-retardancy fabrics. In this study, a new approach to PEC characterization is proposed. First, PECs, which consist of polyethyleneimine and sodium phytate, were chemically and thermally characterized to select the most promising systems. Then, yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) was surface-impregnated under reduced pressure with the two PECs identified as the best options. Overall, wood fire-retardancy was improved with a low weight gain of 2 wt.% without increasing water uptake.

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Chemical surface densification of hardwood through lateral monomer impregnation and in situ electron beam polymerization, Part I: density profile and surface hardness of three hardwood species

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

Trends in Chemical Wood Surface Improvements and Modifications: A Review of the Last Five Years

Trends in Chemical Wood Surface Improvements and Modifications: A Review of the Last Five Years

High-Strength, Dimensionally Stable, and Flame-Retardant Fast-Growing Poplar Prepared by Ammonium Polyphosphate–Waterborne Epoxy Impregnation

Innovative Polyelectrolyte Treatment to Flame-Retard Wood

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