Chemical Treatment of Bio-Derived Industrial Waste Filled Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene: A Comparative Evaluation

Sider, Ishaq; Nassar, Mahmoud M. A.

doi:10.3390/polym13162682

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…On the other hand, treatment with CaLS reduced water absorption by 8% compared to untreated composites. This may indicate a slight improvement in the fiber/matrix interfacial bond as well as the treatment efficiency in the stability and durability of composites [ 33 , 74 , 75 ]. Figure 9 and Table 2 show that D values from Equation (3) increase as more fibers are added to the matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Titica Vine (Heteropsis flexuosa) Incorporated Epoxy Matrix Composites

et al. 2021

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Titica vine (Heteropsis flexuosa) is a typical plant of the Amazon region commonly used for making baskets, bags, brooms and furniture, owing to its stiff fibers. In spite of its interesting properties, there is so far no reported information regarding the use of titica vine fibers (TVFs) in engineering composite materials. In this work, the TVF and its epoxy composites were for the first time physically, thermally and mechanically characterized. Additionally, the effect of two kinds of chemical treatments, one with sodium carbonate and one with calcium lignosulfonate, as well as different volume fractions, 10, 20, 30 and 40 vol%, of TVF-reinforced composites were assessed for corresponding basic properties. The thermogravimetric results of the composites reveal enhanced thermal stability for higher TVF content. In addition, the composite incorporated with 40 vol% of TVFs treated with sodium carbonate absorbed 19% more water than the composites with untreated fibers. By contrast, the calcium lignosulfonate treatment decreased water absorption by 8%. The Charpy and Izod impact tests showed that the composites, incorporated with the highest investigated volume fraction (40 vol%) of TVF, significantly increased the absorbed energy by 18% and 28%, respectively, compared to neat epoxy. ANOVA and Tukey statistical analyses displayed no direct influence of the chemical treatments on the energy absorption of the composites for either impact tests. SEM images revealed the main fracture mechanisms responsible for the performance of TVF composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Titica Vine (Heteropsis flexuosa) Incorporated Epoxy Matrix Composites

et al. 2021

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“…The FTIR of the chemical compositions of the four biocomposites generated after melting the fillers and polymer matrix are presented in Figure 4. Biocomposites produced with OP-UT and OP-T exhibit no substantial changes in the chemical composition; however, the peak intensity is clear and intense when the OP-T is employed as a filler [36]. In contrast, minor changes are observed when compatibilisers (Case 3 and 4) are used.…”

Section: Chemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The rLDPE powder was provided by Suzhou Poks Machinery Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, China) and the properties of rLDPE are shown in Table 1 [36]. As stated previously in a recent article, the usage of polymer powder aids in obtaining a greater efficiency of filler dispersion in the matrix [37].…”

Section: Filler and Polymermentioning

confidence: 96%

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Evaluation of Novel Compatibility Strategies for Improving the Performance of Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene Based Biocomposites

Nassar

Sider

2021

Polymers

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The interfacial compatibility of the natural filler and synthetic polymer is the key performance characteristic of biocomposites. The fillers are chemically modified, or coupling agents and compatibilisers are used to ensure optimal filler-polymer compatibility. Hence, we have investigated the effect of compatibilisation strategies of olive pits (OP) flour content (10, 20, 30, and 40%wt.) filled with recycled low-density polyethylene (rLDPE) on the chemical, physical, mechanical, and thermal behaviour of the developed biocomposites. In this study, we aim to investigate the filler-polymer compatibility in biocomposites by employing novel strategies for the functionalisation of OP filler and/or rLDPE matrix. Specifically, four cases are considered: untreated OP filled rLDPE (Case 1), treated OP filled rLDPE (Case 2), treated OP filled functionalised rLDPE (Case 3), and treated and functionalised OP filled functionalised rLDPE (Case 4). In general, the evaluation of the performance of biocomposites facilitated the application of OP industrial waste as an eco-friendly reinforcing agent for rLDPE-based biocomposites. Furthermore, surface treatment and compatibilisation improved the properties of the developed biocomposites over untreated filler or uncoupled biocomposites. Besides that, the compatibilisers used aided in reducing water uptake and improving thermal behaviour, which contributed to the stability of the manufactured biocomposites.

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“…Among the dominant factors that hinder the wide adaptation of natural-fiber-reinforced composites is the weak filler–polymer interaction [ 12 , 18 ]. The polarity of lignocellulose in natural fillers is hydrophobic in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Synthesis Routes toward Improvement of Natural Filler/Synthetic Polymer Interfacial Crosslinking

et al. 2022

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Among the critical issues dictating bio-composite performance is the interfacial bonding between the natural fibers and polymer matrix. In this regard, this article presents new synthesis routes comprising the treatment and functionalization of both date palm powder (DPP) filler and a polypropylene (PP) matrix to enhance filler–polymer adhesion in the newly developed bio-composites. Specifically, four bio-composite forms are considered: untreated DPP filled PP (DPP-UT/PP), treated DPP filled PP (DPP-T/PP), treated DPP filled functionalized PP using 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (DPP-T/PP-g-IEM), and treated and functionalized DPP using 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride filled functionalized PP using 2-acrylamide ((DPP-T)-g-TsCl/PP-g-AcAm). The functional groups created on the surface of synthesized PP-g-IEM react with activated hydroxyl groups attached to the filler, resulting in chemical crosslinking between both components. Similarly, the reaction of TsCl with NH2 chemical groups residing on the mating surfaces of the filler and polymer generates an amide bond in the interface region. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to confirm the successful coupling between the filler and polypropylene matrix after applying the treatment and functionalization schemes. Owing to the introduced crosslinking, the DPP-T/PP-g-IEM bio-composite exhibits the best mechanical properties as compared to the neat polymer, unfunctionalized polymer-based bio-composite, and (DPP-T)-g-TsCl/PP-g-AcAm counterpart. The applied compatibilizers assist in reducing the water uptake of the manufactured bio-composites, increasing their durability.

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Chemical Treatment of Bio-Derived Industrial Waste Filled Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene: A Comparative Evaluation

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Titica Vine (Heteropsis flexuosa) Incorporated Epoxy Matrix Composites

Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Titica Vine (Heteropsis flexuosa) Incorporated Epoxy Matrix Composites

Evaluation of Novel Compatibility Strategies for Improving the Performance of Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene Based Biocomposites

New Synthesis Routes toward Improvement of Natural Filler/Synthetic Polymer Interfacial Crosslinking

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