Chemical vapor generation of noble metals for analytical spectrometry

Abstract

As is apparent from the literature devoted to the analytical atomic spectrometry, chemical vapor generation (CVG) of noble metals by reaction with tetrahydroborate in acidic media may enhance the introduction of these elements into different atomic spectrometric sources. Recent developments in the CVG of noble metals species by reaction with tetrahydroborate in acidic medium are surveyed. Different aspects of this novel technique are discussed, including type of instrumentation used for the reaction, separation and transport of the species, effect of chemical and physical factors, identification of the species, and the efficiency of the process. Limitations and future prospects of the CVG technique are discussed.

Mechanisms of chemical generation of volatile hydrides for trace element determination (IUPAC Technical Report)

“…More recently, the aim of CHG has been expanded to an increasing number of elements, including In [20], Tl [21,22], Cd [23], Cu [24], Zn [25,26], and many other transition metals such as Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Ti, and the noble metals Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ir, Os, Ru, and Rh [27,28]. The nature of the volatile reaction products obtained from CHG of transition and noble metals has not been yet identified; as well, CHG of these elements has found limited analytical applications [24,29] in comparison with the classical hydride-forming elements.…”

“…On the other hand, being that the reaction pathways for hydride-forming elements and for transition and noble metals are very similar, the distinction between analytes, i.e., the hydride-forming elements, and the interfering element, is at present just a matter of formalism. Aqueous ions, ionic Cu II , Ag I , Ni II , Au III , etc., are the species which generate the most serious interferences in CHG of hydride-forming elements; nevertheless, they cannot be considered at present only interfering species because they can also be converted into volatile species during CHG. On the other hand, when a transition metal is the analyte, interference from other concomitants, transition and noble metal ions, and hydride-forming element ions remains a severe problem [28]. A noticeable exception was the determination of Cu by CHG, which was markedly free from interference effects [24].…”

Chemical vapor generation by coupling high-pressure liquid flow injection to high-resolution continuum source hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of arsenic

“…Chemical generation of volatile hydrides (CHG) by derivatization with sodium tetra borohydride is a widely employed and powerful method for determination and speciation for a wide range of elements (eg. Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te, Hg, Cd, and, more recently, several transition and noble metals including Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ti, and Tl [6,7]). …”

Ultrasensitive determination of cobalt and nickel by atomic fluorescence spectrometry using APDC enhanced chemical vapor generation

“…In recent years, CVG has been expanded its scope to transition and noble metals following reaction with tetrahydroborate (III), such as Cu, Fe, Co, Zn, Mn, Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Recent advances in the CVG of transition and noble metals can be found in some recent comprehensive reviews [12][13][14].…”