Chemical vapour deposition of soluble poly(p-xylylene) copolymers with tuneable properties

Abstract

a Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is a technique widely applied for the synthesis of thin and highly conformal polymer coatings. The copolymerization of poly(1,4-xylylene)s (PPX), with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) via CVD revives a hardly investigated field of PPX chemistry. The use of alkyl substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes leads to soluble PPXcopolymers. Proof of copolymerization was obtained by correlation of both monomer units in 1 H, 13 C-HMBC 2D-NMR spectra. Next, insoluble p(PX-N-co-HEMA) copolymers were synthesized in a modified commercially available SCS Labcoater. The availability of the hydroxy ester functionality of HEMA on the film surface was indirectly confirmed by the reduction of water contact angles down to 65°. Preliminary studies using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) indicate the cytocompatibility of as deposited p(PX-N-co-HEMA) films. Figure 7 1 H, 13 C-HSQC spectrum of p(PX-butyl-co-HEMA) 3e in CDCl3, resonance signals were assigned with the help of 1 H, 13 C-HMBC spectra. Regions of special interest are shown in magnification.Figure 11 Scanning electron microscopy images of the surface of p(PX-N-co-HEMA) 3a films. The films synthesized in the homemade CVD reactor (A, B) deposited parallel to the monomer flow show a globular surface structure, such features were not observed for polymer films synthesized in Labcoater.Figure 12 HUVEC stained with live/dead assay (A-C) and stained cells for morphology examination (D-F).

Functionalization of Poly(para‐xylylene)s—Opportunities and Challenges as Coating Material

“…For the first time, a soluble copolymer made by CVD was synthesized by our group by copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (entry 10) and alkyl‐substituted [2.2]paracyclophane. [ 89 ] The solubility allowed the characterization of the copolymer with standard methods such as NMR or GPC. The importance of the reactor design and the direction of the deposition compared to the gas flow were also discussed.…”

Polylutidines: Multifunctional Surfaces through Vapor‐Based Polymerization of Substituted Pyridinophanes

“…[1] Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization based on the Gorham process is ac onvenient and substrate-independent process to synthesize stable, reactive coatings. [2][3][4][5][6] FDAapproved in some instances, [7] poly-p-xylylene-based coatings have been prepared by CVD polymerization of [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives for surface modification and structuring of a wide range of materials. [8,5,9] The presence of substituents such as aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, ester,a mine, as well as fluorinated groups, thiol reactive groups,A TRP initiator groups, photosensitiveo ra lkynyl groups in the precursor and consequently in the polymer coatingh as enabled variousp ost-modification strategies.…”