“…Our results showed that Endosalic Kastanozems (true and desert steppes) had higher levels of clay, SOC, CaCO 3 and chemical elements than Luvic Calcisoils (deserti cated steppes). Note that, in Kastanozems, due to the high content in the rock, the concentrations of anionic forms of Al, Ti, S, Mg, V, Mn and Fe are higher, and in Calcisols, due to the low content of organic matter-binding elements in an organo-mineral complex, the availability of anionic forms of Cl, S and Rb is higher (Kalinin et al 2021). The steppes and semi-deserts have alkaline environmental conditions, which contribute to the mobility of anionic (S, Cl) and complexing elements (Al, Mg, Fe, Ti, Zn, Ni, and Mn).…”