Chemical weathering of silicate rocks in Karelia region and Kola peninsula, NW Russia: Assessing the effect of rock composition, wetlands and vegetation

Zakharova, Elena; Pokrovsky, Oleg S.; Dupré, Bernard; Gaillardet, Jérôme; Efimova, L. E.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.03.018

Cited by 77 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Investigations on surface waters in ultramafic rock and/ or gabbro catchments have been carried out by, e.g., Barnes & O'Neil (1969), Barnes et al (1978), Clark & Fontes (1990), Gascogne & Kamieni (1993), Drever (1997), Venturelli et al (1997), Zedef et al (2000), Zakharova et al (2007), Zhou (2010), Chavagnac et al (2013) and Bucher et al (2015). Typical waters from ultramafic rock terrains are Mg-HCO 3 type waters with elevated pH values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Zakharova et al (2007) described the composition of groundwater in the Karelia region and the Kola Peninsula, NW Russia, and linked it to that of the bedrock, but no detailed investigations were carried out describing the weathering process and the evolution of the waters. Either way, the total of solutes (TDS) in these areas of NW Russia are in the same order of magnitude as the water samples collected by us in the Seiland Igneous Province.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical composition of surface- and groundwater in fast-weathering silicate rocks in the Seiland Igneous Province, North Norway

Stober¹,

Teiber²,

Li³

et al. 2017

NJG

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The geochemical composition of nepheline-syenite, carbonatite, ultramafic rocks and gabbro samples from the Seiland Igneous Province is presented in terms of whole-rock chemistry, major and selected trace elements, and mineralogy. Additionally, the hydrochemistry of around 100 surface water, groundwater, rainfall and seawater samples from the area is presented. Surface water and groundwater solute chemistry can be explained in terms of reaction of precipitation with bedrock minerals: the waters thus acquire a clear chemical signature dependent on the catchment's lithology. The mineralisation of the waters (total dissolved solids or TDS) is generally low, although it is somewhat elevated in carbonatite-or nepheline-syenitedominated terrains, in comparison with ultramafic, gabbro or granitic terrains. Additionally, each lithology exhibits its specific water type. Thus, waters in a nepheline-syenite-dominated terrain tend to be Ca-Na-HCO 3 rich with relatively high pH, whereas waters in carbonatite terrains are Ca-HCO 3 dominated with only slightly elevated pH. Waters in ultramafic rocks exhibit strongly elevated Mg concentrations with circumneutral pH, whereas waters from gabbros are variable in terms of their major cation (Mg, Ca, Na) composition. Mineral stability diagrams aid our understanding of the evolution of rainwater by chemical interaction with rocks in each lithology. In gabbro and ultramafic terrains, such diagrams suggest that kaolinite is likely to be the primary alteration product and that saturation with respect to calcite will not be reached; instead, the waters will evolve until saturation with respect to stilbite (a Na-Ca zeolite mineral) is attained. Waters in ultramafic rocks will then follow this stable phase boundary until saturation with respect to chlorite is achieved. The gabbro waters, on the other hand, could also follow the stable phase-boundary to stilbite until saturation with respect to paragonite (a sodium mica) is reached, depending on the plagioclase-to-clinopyroxene ratio (Plg/Cpx). Surprisingly, it is found that olivine (i.e., forsterite) does not control the water chemistry in gabbros and ultramafic rocks..

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of surface- and groundwater in fast-weathering silicate rocks in the Seiland Igneous Province, North Norway

Stober¹,

Teiber²,

Li³

et al. 2017

NJG

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“…A somatória Ca+Mg combinada com a de Na+K (Figura 3), que também permite inferir sobre o tipo de ambiente drenado (Zakharova et al 2007), separam as águas em três subambientes geoquímicos (Figura 3) que mantêm certa correlação com a geologia da região: 1) as dos rios Aripuanã, Jatuarana, Juma e Sucunduri com a soma Ca+Mg elevada, sugere aporte de rochas com maior proporção de plagioclásio (pequena ocorrência de carbonatos, portadores de Ca e Mg, foram identificados por Reis (2006) a montante do rio Sucunduri); 2) as dos Ig1, Ig2 e Camaiú, com baixa soma Ca+Mg e Na+K, sugere rochas pobres nesses elementos e, consequentemente com mais quartzo que corresponderiam as sedimentares conforme a geologia da região; e 3) as do Acari com soma de Na+K mais elevada representaria as rochas vulcânicas já que a montante do local amostrado ocorre esse tipo de rocha (Reis 2006).…”

Section: Origem Dos Elementos Dissolvidos Nas áGuasunclassified

Geoquímica de rios de água preta do sudeste do Amazonas: origem, fluxo dos elementos e consumo de CO2

2013

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RESUMONeste trabalho foi examinada a composição química das águas dos afluentes da margem direita do rio and SiO 2 concentration and represent the typical environment of intense leaching that affects the rocks in the Amazon. Although the chemical composition reveals seasonal influences, it was identified variation due to lithological composition. The rate of exportation of cations and the chemical erosion are low in consequence of the tectonic stability of the region and the weathering mantle, which hinders the interaction of water with the bedrock.

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“…Glass, followed by olivine are the least stable phases at surface conditions, as such basalts are likely to alter more rapidly than felsic rocks. Numerous studies of basalt dissolution have shown that the presence of glass can increase dissolution rates (Wolff-Boenisch et al 2006;Berger et al 1994;Stefansson and Gislason 2001;Zakharova et al 2007;Hu et al 2010;Gudbrandsson et al 2011). However, experimental results on the alteration of volcanic materials are biased by the dominant use of basalt as starting material.…”

Section: Rock Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater flow and volcanic unrest

Jasim

Hemmings

Mayer

et al. 2018

Advances in Volcanology

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Hydrology around active volcanoes is strongly controlled by the interaction between groundwater, and the fluids, dissolved elements and heat associated with magmatic intrusion. The chemical and mechanical processes associated with magmatic unrest can result in observable changes in the hydrothermal system. Consequently, observations of chemical and physical hydrothermal variations may provide insights into the state of volcanic activity. Additionally, the interaction between hydrological and volcanic systems leads to the presence of high-temperature, pressurised, and often acidic fluids, which add to, and intensify, the volcanic hazard. In the following chapter we present the major components of, and controls on, magmatic hydrothermal systems focusing on the mutual perturbation between the groundwater flow system and the volcanic system. We explore how these conditions can be modified by volcanic unrest and we identify feedbacks between dynamic hydrothermal behaviour and on-going unrest. The interaction between these systems, and therefore the associated monitoring signals, are the result of complex groundwater-volcano coupling within multi-phase flow system in evolving lithologies. Nonetheless, detailed monitoring of hydrothermal and hydrological behaviour can provide insights into unrest and the evolution of hazards at restless volcanoes.

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Chemical weathering of silicate rocks in Karelia region and Kola peninsula, NW Russia: Assessing the effect of rock composition, wetlands and vegetation

Cited by 77 publications

References 74 publications

Chemical composition of surface- and groundwater in fast-weathering silicate rocks in the Seiland Igneous Province, North Norway

Chemical composition of surface- and groundwater in fast-weathering silicate rocks in the Seiland Igneous Province, North Norway

Geoquímica de rios de água preta do sudeste do Amazonas: origem, fluxo dos elementos e consumo de CO2

Groundwater flow and volcanic unrest

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