Chemically modified electrodes: Recommended terminology and definitions (IUPAC Recommendations 1997)

Abstract

1989-91); I. Piljac (Yugoslavia). Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal Chemically modified electrodes: Recommended terminology and definitions (IUPAC Recommendations 1997)Abstract; Chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) comprise a relatively modern approach to electrode systems that finds utility in (1) a wide spectrum of basic electrochemical investigations, including the relationship of heterogeneous electron transfer and chemical reactivity to electrode surface chemistry, electrostatic phenomena at electrode surfaces, and electron and ionic transport phenomena in polymers, and (2) the design of electrochemical devices and systems for applications in chemical sensing, energy conversion and storage, molecular electronics, electrochromic displays, corrosion protection, and electro-organic syntheses.Compared with other electrode concepts in electrochemistry, the distinguishing feature of a CME is that a generally thin film of a selected chemical is bonded or coated onto the electrode surface to endow the electrode with the chemical, electrochemical, optical, electrical, transport, and other desirable properties of the film in a rational, chemically designed manner.In this report, we have attempted to identify and define the most widely used terminology in the growing field of CMEs and to recommend a particular term in cases where a multiplicity of terms has arisen over the past several years or where previously defined terms have taken on broadened meanings for the special cases of CMEs. It is expected that additional terms will be added to this lexicon in the future as new research directions evolve.

Electrochemical Biosensors: Recommended Definitions and Classification

“…It is considered to be a chemically modi®ed electrode (CME) [4,5] as electronic conducting, semiconducting or ionic conducting material is coated with a biochemical ®lm.…”

Non-destructive characterization of CoTSPc electrochemically deposited on gold electrodes by means of synchrotron X-ray microfluorescence

“…Various techniques have been used to create modified electrodes, including drop drying, spin coating and spontaneous adsorption (self-assembling) [9][10][11]. In comparison with these techniques, electrodeposition is a technique that enables one to control and to characterize the formed layer by following the potential and current during the process.…”

Anodization in Oligo (Ethylene Glycol) as an Initial Derivatization Tool for Preparing Glassy Carbon Electrodes Covalently Modified with Amino Compounds: Effective Access to a 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode.

“…Chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) 1,2) have attracted a great deal of attention in modern electrochemistry, and have resulted in significant improvements in analytical methodology. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Four approaches for producing CMEs are available: chemisorption, covalent bonding, polymer film coating and composite (mixing a modifier with a conductive matrix such as a carbon paste).…”

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Four approaches for producing CMEs are available: chemisorption, covalent bonding, polymer film coating and composite (mixing a modifier with a conductive matrix such as a carbon paste). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The last three methods are well recognized as reliable means of obtaining CMEs. For carbon, a common and inexpensive electrode material, only the last two methods seem effective, although among the four methods, covalent bonding should provide modified carbon electrodes with the best physical stability and hence able to operate in the widest range of aqueous and organic media.…”