Chemically Modified Microelectrode Arrays

Natan, Michael J.; Wrighton, Mark S.

doi:10.1002/9780470166383.ch6

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…As shown here for a living, actively respiring G. sulfurreducens WT biofilm, electrochemical gate measurements result in a completely reversible current peak spanning the formal potentials of biofilm redox cofactors as observed for redox polymers known to engage in multistep electron hopping (60). The peak in conducted current lies more negative than expected based on the midpoint potential of the catalytic current-potential dependency (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Fig. 1 depicts an SEM image of a G. sulfurreducens WT biofilm grown on a gold interdigitated microelectrode array (IDA), an electrode configuration developed to study conductive properties of polymer films (60). IDAs used here are comprised of 100 parallel 15-μm-wide × 0.48-cm-long gold microelectrode bands patterned onto a glass slide separated by 15-μm-wide gaps.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4A. As expected for redox gradient-driven electron transport, an appreciable i con occurs only when there is an appreciable difference between ðX Ox Þ z=0;1 and ðX Ox Þ z=0;2 , and the largest i con coincides with the largest difference in these values (44,60). Calculated values of ðX Ox Þ z=0;1 andðX Ox Þ z=0;2 based on Eq.…”

Section: Evidence For a Biofilm Redox Gradient Using Electrochemical mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figs. 4 and 5 depict results of experiments in which potentials are applied to both electrodes that are changed in unison while maintaining a constant 0.1 V offset between them (i.e., electrochemical gate measurements) (60), where the different electrode potentials establish different values for ðX Ox Þ z=0;1 and ðX Ox Þ z=0;2 . Fig.…”

Section: Evidence For a Biofilm Redox Gradient Using Electrochemical mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-range electron transport in Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms is redox gradient-driven

Snider

Glaven

Tsoi

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

246

210

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Geobacter spp. can acquire energy by coupling intracellular oxidation of organic matter with extracellular electron transfer to an anode (an electrode poised at a metabolically oxidizing potential), forming a biofilm extending many cell lengths away from the anode surface. It has been proposed that long-range electron transport in such biofilms occurs through a network of bound redox cofactors, thought to involve extracellular matrix c-type cytochromes, as occurs for polymers containing discrete redox moieties. Here, we report measurements of electron transport in actively respiring Geobacter sulfurreducens wild type biofilms using interdigitated microelectrode arrays. Measurements when one electrode is used as an anode and the other electrode is used to monitor redox status of the biofilm 15 μm away indicate the presence of an intrabiofilm redox gradient, in which the concentration of electrons residing within the proposed redox cofactor network is higher farther from the anode surface. The magnitude of the redox gradient seems to correlate with current, which is consistent with electron transport from cells in the biofilm to the anode, where electrons effectively diffuse from areas of high to low concentration, hopping between redox cofactors. Comparison with gate measurements, when one electrode is used as an electron source and the other electrode is used as an electron drain, suggests that there are multiple types of redox cofactors in Geobacter biofilms spanning a range in oxidation potential that can engage in electron transport. The majority of these redox cofactors, however, seem to have oxidation potentials too negative to be involved in electron transport when acetate is the electron source.microbial fuel cell | bioelectrochemical system | microbial electrochemistry | geomicrobiology | multistep electron hopping

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For a Biofilm Redox Gradient Using Electrochemical mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For a Biofilm Redox Gradient Using Electrochemical mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Long-range electron transport in Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms is redox gradient-driven

Snider

Glaven

Tsoi

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

246

210

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“…Obviously, the bifunctional catalyst assemblies discussed earlier are motivated by considerations to make the HER and OER processes more facile. Very detailed studies also have appeared on catalytic modification of semiconductor electrode surfaces to improve the HER performance; the reader is referred to the many review articles and book chapters on this topic [1,11,[70][71][72][73].…”

Section: An Ideal Photoelectrolysis Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen generation at irradiated oxide semiconductor–solution interfaces

2007

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This review focuses on the use of inorganic oxide semiconductors for the photoassisted generation of hydrogen from water. Representative studies spanning approximately three decades are included in this review. The topics covered include a discussion of the types of water photosplitting approaches, an ideal photoelectrolysis system, an examination of why oxide semiconductors are attractive for this application, a review of both classical and more recent studies on titanium dioxide, tungsten trioxide, and other binary metal oxides, perovskites and other ternary oxides, tantalates and niobates, miscellaneous multinary oxides, semiconductor alloys and mixed semiconductor composites, and twin-photosystem configurations for water splitting.

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Electrochemistry: Applications in Inorganic ChemistryBased in part on the article Electrochemistry: Applications in Inorganic Chemistry by Robert H. Crabtree which appeared in theEncyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition.

Thorp

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Because of the redox versatility of many transition metal complexes, electrochemical methods are an important part of the inorganic chemist's experimental repertoire. This article centers mostly on the use of cyclic voltammetry, where current is measured as the potential is varied linearly with time. Cyclic voltammetry is the primary method used by inorganic chemists, but many pulsed voltammetric provide complementary, and often useful, information. Theoretical methods now offer the means to calculate redox potentials of metal complexes, which can be correlated with values determined by cyclic voltammetry. Digital simulation techniques also now provide the ability to determine mechanistic information from voltammograms by directly calculating expected responses based on input mechanisms. Frontier applications of electrochemistry in inorganic chemistry involve the application of redox cycling to molecular memory.

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Chemically Modified Microelectrode Arrays

Cited by 39 publications

References 167 publications

Long-range electron transport in Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms is redox gradient-driven

Long-range electron transport in Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms is redox gradient-driven

Hydrogen generation at irradiated oxide semiconductor–solution interfaces

Electrochemistry: Applications in Inorganic ChemistryBased in part on the article Electrochemistry: Applications in Inorganic Chemistry by Robert H. Crabtree which appeared in theEncyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition.

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