Chemicals of Terrorism

Wismer, Tina

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811410-0.00005-2

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Phosgene is a chemical reagent widely used in industries for the synthesis of pesticides, dyes, plastics, and pharmaceuticals . It exhibits acute toxicity with a lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 1.8 ppm or 7.2 mg/m, ,, and the proposed IDLH value is 2 ppm . This lethal effect is observed due to its higher reactivity with the protein molecules inherent in the lungs and their consequent destabilization causing undesirable pulmonary health hazards …”

Section: Chemical Warfare Agents (Cwas) and Simulantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are chemical mixtures that cause mass destruction due to their acute toxicity. In many cases, exposure can be lethal and result in death . During World War I (1915–1918), chlorine gas was used as a chemical weapon by German troops against the Allies, which proved to be deadly as intended, with reports of more than a thousand casualties, the first-ever recorded large scale chemical attack. , Thereafter, continuous efforts were made to investigate and store various toxic compounds to be utilized as chemical weapons. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal Organic Framework Functionalized Textiles as Protective Clothing for the Detection and Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents—A Review

Balasubramanian

Kulandaisamy

Babu

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have been listed as lethal weapons of mass destruction due to their extreme toxicity and devastating effects. Detection and detoxification are essential to protect ourselves from such acutely perilous agents and have therefore generated a great deal of research interest. In this context, studies show that adsorbents such as activated carbon, metal oxides, and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are active materials for the effective degradation of CWAs. Among them, MOFs are preferred because of their large surface area, tunable porosity, and catalytic, functional, and chemical stability properties. With this background, we comprehensively review the historical purview of the utility of CWAs, the potency of various CWAs, and their toxic profiles. Further, we discuss the research strategies reported to synthesize MOFs of desirable characteristics by tuning the synthesis parameters such as solvents, temperature, guest molecules, and organic ligands. Specifically, we highlight the multifarious studies of the impregnation of MOFs onto fibers/textiles as selfprotecting fabrics using different techniques. Finally, we enumerate the challenges in developing MOFs-incorporated textiles and their functionalization toward the detection and detoxification of CWAs. As a future perspective, further requirements and possibilities of using MOF-modified textiles as wearable electronic devices for the detection and detoxification of CWAs have also been addressed.

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