Chemiluminescent and bioluminescent assays as innovative prospects for mycotoxin determination in food and feed

Abstract

Mycotoxin contamination of food and feedstuffs is among the top priorities for human and animal safety. The currently used techniques for mycotoxin determination, either chromatography or ELISA, are unsuitable for routine in-field assessment. There is an urgent need for other accurate, simple and cost-effective techniques that can be used as a screening tool for a rapid estimation of mycotoxin contamination in commodity lots. This paper reviews the literature on the use of chemiluminescence (CL) and bioluminescence (BL) assays for direct or indirect mycotoxin assessment. The chemiluminescence immunoassays, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence and bioassays are reviewed and their advantages and limitations discussed. These techniques used in food testing and the pharmaceutical industry offer promise as rapid techniques for mycotoxin determination. Chemiluminescence and bioluminescence bioassays are the most innovative alternatives to the conventional techniques used for mycotoxin determination in food and feed.

Determination of microbial load for different beverages and foodstuff by assessment of intracellular ATP

“…Finally, the method is not recommended for determination of food contamination by moulds as the kits commercially available do not give satisfactory results on moulds, reasons being that the provided extraction buffer does not allow a proper extraction of ATP from the fungi's cells (Sarter & Zakhia, 2004).…”

Application of Modern Biosensors Methods in Ecotoxicological Monitoring of Some Toxins of Natural (Micotoxins) and Antropogenic (Pesticides) Origin. Part 1. Micotoxins.

“…Слід відмітити, що використання цілих клітин сповільнює дифузію субстратів і продуктів метаболізму через клітинну стінку, що зумовлює довготри-валість відповіді цих біосенсорів, порівняно з ферментними біосенсорами. Використання біолюмінесценції та хемілюмінесценції для прямого та непрямого визначення мікотокси-нів, як інноваційну альтернативу відомим ме-тодам, широко обговорюється в огляді Серте-ра [83].…”

Adaptation of bacterial biotests for monitoring mycotoxins

“…Inhibition (%) = ((C tx -S tx )100)/C tx (2) where C tx gives the arithmetic mean of the bioluminescence values of parallel controls after the examined hour (x = contact time in point) and S tx represents the bioluminescence average value of parallel samples determined at contact time in point.…”

“…These substances are secondary fungal metabolites that have mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic, immunomodulant and cytotoxic effects [1], thus biomonitoring of mycotoxins has an increasing importance nowadays. Besides expensive chemical analytical methods, biotests can be alternative screening methods for selecting mycotoxin degrading microbes as they provide prompt information, moreover they are reliable and cost effective methods [2]. Our aim was to monitor mycotoxins -aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenon (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), T2-toxin (T2) and ochratoxin (OCHRA) -by bacterial biotests.…”