Chemiluminescent investigation of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) immobilized on a cationic ion-exchange resin and its application to analysis

Abstract

Tris-(2, 2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) complex, Ru(bpy) 3 2+ , was immobilized on the Dowex-50 W cationic ion-exchange resin. The chemiluminescent characteristics of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ in solution and in resin form were compared by using batch and flow injection methods. A strong chemiluminescence was observed during the reaction of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ both in solution and in resin with KMnO 4 or Ce(SO 4 ) 2 under acidic or basic conditions. The Ru(bpy) 3 2+ immobilized resin is stable, which can be used at least for 6 months when it reacts with the dilute KMnO 4 solution. Based on this property, Ru(bpy) 3 2+ immobilized in the resin phase was developed as a flow-through chemiluminescent sensor that could be used to determine oxalate, sulfite and ethanol chemically or electronically with Ru(bpy) 3 3+ generation on the surface of resin. The limits of detection were 1×10 -6 M for oxalate, 0.5% (v/v) for ethanol and 1×10 -7 M for sulfite. The method has been successfully applied to determine sulfite in sugar.

Recent Development in Optical Chemical Sensors Coupling with Flow Injection Analysis

“…The Ru(bpy) 3 2+ immobilized resin is stable, which can be used at least for 6 months when it reacts with the dilute KMnO 4 solution. Based on this property, Ru(bpy) 3 2+ immobilized in the resin phase Lin et al [158] developed as a flow-through chemiluminescent sensor that could be used to determine oxalate, sulfite and ethanol chemically or electronically with (Ru(bpy) 3 3+ generation on the surface of resin. The limits of detection were 1×10 -6 M for oxalate, 0.5% (v/v) for ethanol and 1×10 -7 M for sulfite.…”

Chemiluminescent reaction of sulphite auto-oxidation in the presence of Ni(II)/tetraglycine and ruthenium(II)/bipy complexes: mechanistic considerations

“…(33,37,38). However, the mechanism responsible for the radiation emission has not been fully elucidated (37,38). Although the influence of transition metal ions in the CL reaction with sulphite had been described, the reaction of [Ru II (bipy) 3 ] 2+ and strong oxidants has not been clearly described previously.…”

“…The important role of oxygen, the generation of sulphur radicals, the effect of consecutive additions of S(IV) and the effect of aldehydes are emphasized, while seeking for new analytical potentialities for S(IV) determination using CL. (33,37,38). However, the mechanism responsible for the radiation emission has not been fully elucidated (37,38).…”

An organopalladium-PVC membrane for sulphur dioxide optical sensing

“…Rhodamine B isothiocyanate showed proper characteristics, providing a sensor with a response time of 30-60 s, a detection limit of 0.114 ± 0.009%, presenting no interference of HCl, NH 3 , NO and CO 2 . Lin et al [18] have developed a chemiluminescent sensor for sulphite by employing tris(2,2 -bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) immobilised on the cationic ion-exhange resin Dowex 50W-X2, which was shown to be stable for at least 6 months, presenting a detection limit of 1.0 × 10 −7 mol L −1 . Papkovsky et al [19] developed a phosphorescent probe based on a platinum(II) complex of coproporphyrin-I and bovine serum albumin immobilised on a Biodyne ABC membrane for detection of sulphite in solution, with a detection limit of 10 mol L −1 .…”

“…For determination of sulphur dioxide, as well as of sulphite, sensors based on absorbance [2,15,16], fluorescence quenching [17], chemiluminescence [18] and phosphorescence [19] have been proposed. Kuratli and Pretsch [2] have developed plasticised PVC membranes based on a hydrogen ion-selective chromoionophores.…”