Chemiluminescent-microparticle-immunoassay-based detection and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Islamabad, Pakistan

Din, Misbahud; Anwar, Faheem; Ali, Muhammad; Yousaf, Muhammad; Ahmad, Bilal; Abdullah, .

doi:10.1007/s00705-020-04897-9

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…The stagnant water and muddy puddles in the region could also be a major reason for the proliferation of dengue mosquitoes, and their expulsion during the rainy days. As reported previously, the dengue virus infection rate has been high in the post-monsoon season compared to the monsoon season 36 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Incidence of Dengue fever, serotypes, clinical features, and laboratory markers: a case study of 2019 outbreak at district Shangla, KP, Pakistan

Rehman¹,

Anwar²,

Tayyab³

et al. 2022

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Dengue is a widely spread mosquito-borne infection in humans, which in recent decades declared is public health problem globally. The dengue virus contains 4 different serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) which belong to the genus Flavivirus. Aims: A descriptive experimental study was conducted to determine the epidemiology, types of Dengue serotypes, clinical features, laboratory probe, and markers for primary diagnosis of dengue virus infection in hospitalized patients. Methodology: A total of 691 suspects were diagnosed from August to October 2019 in district Shangla KP, Pakistan. Serological tests were used for nonstructural protein-1 antigen (NS1), and antibodies (immunoglobulin-M (IgM) & Immunoglobulin-G (IgG)) while real-time PCR was used to confirm the cases. The data was statistically analyzed using IBM-SPSS Statistics 20 version. Results: The dengue virus infection was more prevalent in the male group (68.09%) than the female group (31.1%). A large number of patients were from rural areas (63.5%) while from urban areas were (36.4%), whereas Besham tehsil was found the most affected compared to other regions. The most prevalent serotype observed in our study was DENV-3 (56.60%) while DENV-4 was the least prevalent serotype (1.88%). Among the age-wise analysis of dengue-virus-infected individuals, the age group of 19–37 years (64.07%) was found the most affected group. The month-wise analysis revealed that the highest number of infections (49.8%) were recorded in September. Significant differences were noticed among blood parameters. Conclusion: The possible reasons for the dengue overwhelming in the study area could be less or lack of awareness particularly regarding the transmission of viral infections, improper sewage management, and no effective vector control strategies that lead the dengue outbreaks in the study population. Keywords: Dengue; Outbreak; DENV; real-time PCR; RNA Virus; Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Incidence of Dengue fever, serotypes, clinical features, and laboratory markers: a case study of 2019 outbreak at district Shangla, KP, Pakistan

Rehman¹,

Anwar²,

Tayyab³

et al. 2022

Afr H. Sci.

Self Cite

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Quantitative bias analysis of prevalence under misclassification: evaluation indicators, calculation method and case analysis

Jin

Wang

Shao

2023

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Prevalence estimates are fundamental to epidemiological studies. Although they are highly vulnerable to misclassification bias, the risk of bias assessment of prevalence estimates is often neglected. Quantitative bias analysis (QBA) can effectively estimate misclassification bias in epidemiological studies; however, relatively few applications are identified. One reason for its low usage is the lack of knowledge and tools for these methods among researchers. To expand existing evaluation methods, based on the QBA principles, three indicators are proposed. One is the relative bias that quantifies the bias direction through its signs and the bias magnitude through its quantity. The second is the critical point of positive test proportion in case of a misclassification bias that is equal to zero. The third is the bound of positive test proportion equal to adjusted prevalence at misclassification bias level α. These indicators express the magnitude, direction and uncertainty of the misclassification bias of prevalence estimates, respectively. Using these indicators, it was found that slight oscillations of the positive test proportion within a certain range can lead to substantial increases in the misclassification bias. Hence, researchers should account for misclassification error analytically when interpreting the significance of adjusted prevalence for epidemiological decision making. This highlights the importance of applying QBA to these analyses. In this article, we have used three real-world cases to illustrate the characteristics and calculation methods of presented indicators. To facilitate application, an Excel-based calculation tool is provided.

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The alarming surge of HIV/AIDS in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan demands urgent attention

Abdullah,

Muhammad,

Waheed

et al. 2023

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Chemiluminescent-microparticle-immunoassay-based detection and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Islamabad, Pakistan

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Incidence of Dengue fever, serotypes, clinical features, and laboratory markers: a case study of 2019 outbreak at district Shangla, KP, Pakistan

Incidence of Dengue fever, serotypes, clinical features, and laboratory markers: a case study of 2019 outbreak at district Shangla, KP, Pakistan

Quantitative bias analysis of prevalence under misclassification: evaluation indicators, calculation method and case analysis

The alarming surge of HIV/AIDS in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan demands urgent attention

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