ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,4‐Trihydroxymenthane, a Contact Allergen from Oxidized Australian Tea Tree Oil.

Harkenthal, M; Reichling, Jürgen

doi:10.1002/chin.200024174

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Ascaridol, ketoepoxide, ρ -cymene and 1,2,4-trihydroxy menthane, resulting from the oxidation of TTO are responsible for the skin irritation. Moreover, some anecdotal reports suggest TTO may increase the sensitivity of the skin towards other irritants (Hausen et al 1999; Harkenthal et al 2000). Systemic side-effects of topical TTO are very uncommon owing to its high volatility and minimal penetration into deeper skin, therefore, TTO is considered to be a safe product used topically (Cross et al 2008).…”

Section: Adverse Effects Of Topical Ttomentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the tea tree oil (Australian native plant:Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) be an alternative treatment for human demodicosis on skin?

et al. 2018

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Australian tea tree oil (TTO) and its extract terpinen-4-ol (T4O) are found to be effective in moderating demodex-related diseases. Their possible effects are lowering the mite counts, relieving the demodex-related symptoms and modulating the immune system especially the inflammatory response. This review summarizes the topical treatments of TTO and T4O in human demodicosis, their possible mechanism of actions, side-effects and potential resistance in treating this condition. Although current treatments other than TTO and T4O are relatively effective in controlling the demodex mite population and the related symptoms, more research on the efficacy and drug delivery technology is needed in order to assess its potential as an alternative treatment with minimal side-effect profile, low toxicity and low risk of demodex resistance.

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Section: Adverse Effects Of Topical Ttomentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the tea tree oil (Australian native plant:Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) be an alternative treatment for human demodicosis on skin?

et al. 2018

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“…Under these conditions, the antioxidants α‐terpinene, γ‐terpinene and terpinolene are oxidized to p ‐cymene. Consequently, the levels of α‐terpinene, γ‐terpinene and terpinolene decrease, whereas the level of p ‐cymene increases up to 10‐fold . Hence, the concentration of p‐ cymene is a good measure of the oxidative degradation of TTO .…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With increasing age, the oil develops a green–brownish colour, the viscosity changes, and the smell becomes turpentine‐like. Finally, long thin needles composed of 1,2,4‐trihydroxymenthane crystallize .…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alterations of the components because of oxidative reactions lead to the formation of peroxides, endoperoxides, and epoxides, usually present in very low amounts, formed by the oxidation of terpinen‐4‐ol and α‐terpinene . These chemicals are strong sensitizers . Knight and Hausen, in 1994, were the first to look for the sensitizers in TTO by testing allergic patients with a number of the oil's ingredients .…”

Section: Contact Allergy/allergic Contact Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tea tree oil: contact allergy and chemical composition

Groot¹,

Schmidt²

2016

Contact Dermatitis

141

108

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Summary In this article, contact allergy to, and the chemical composition of, tea tree oil (TTO) are reviewed. This essential oil is a popular remedy for many skin diseases, and may be used as neat oil or be present in cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals and household products. Of all essential oils, TTO has caused most (published) allergic reactions since the first cases were reported in 1991. In routine testing, prevalences of positive patch test reactions have ranged from 0.1% to 3.5%. Nearly 100 allergic patients have been described in case reports and case series. The major constituents of commercial TTO are terpinen‐4‐ol, γ‐terpinene, 1,8‐cineole, α‐terpinene, α‐terpineol, p‐cymene, and α‐pinene. Fresh TTO is a weak to moderate sensitizer, but oxidation increases its allergenic potency. The major sensitizers appear to be ascaridole, terpinolene, α‐terpinene, 1,2,4‐trihydroxymenthane, α‐phellandrene, and limonene. The clinical picture of allergic contact dermatitis caused by TTO depends on the products used. Most reactions are caused by the application of pure oil; cosmetics are the culprits in a minority of cases. Patch testing may be performed with 5% oxidized TTO. Co‐reactivity to turpentine oil is frequent, and there is an overrepresentation of reactions to fragrance mix I, Myroxylon pereirae, colophonium, and other essential oils.

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Phytotherapy of chronic dermatitis and pruritus of dogs with a topical preparation containing tea tree oil (Bogaskin®)

Fitzi

Fürst-Jucker²,

Wegener³

et al. 2002

Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde

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Localised dermatitis, for example unspecific eczema or skinfold pyoderma, is a very common diagnosis in dogs. Typical and impressive complaints are pruritus, erythema, erosion and oozing surface. With respect to the underlying disease dermatological treatment is indicated, usually based on antimicrobial and antipruriginous active substances, it can include transient glucocorticoids. An effective and safe alternative might be a phytotherapeutic topical preparation containing tea tree oil. Tea tree oil exerts both antimicrobial and antipruriginous effects. In an open multicenter study efficacy and safety of a standardized 10% tea tree oil cream applied thinly and twice daily for 4 weeks was tested in 53 dogs with chronic dermatitis, particularly non-specific eczema, allergic dermatitis, interdigital pyoderma, acral lick dermatitis and skinfold pyoderma. Analysis of efficacy assessed by investigating veterinarians showed a good or very good response to treatment for 82% of the dogs, significant at a 5% level (p = 0.05). At the end of the study a strong and significant reduction (p = 0.001) as well as disappearance of major symptoms were observed. Only two adverse events (local reactions) possibly related to tea tree oil occurred during therapy. Consequently the tested study medication (Bogaskin) can be considered an alternative for uncomplicated and localised dermatitis in dogs. Bogaskin might allow reduction of other pharmaceutical products, perhaps even replace standard therapy.

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ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,4‐Trihydroxymenthane, a Contact Allergen from Oxidized Australian Tea Tree Oil.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Can the tea tree oil (Australian native plant:Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) be an alternative treatment for human demodicosis on skin?

Can the tea tree oil (Australian native plant:Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) be an alternative treatment for human demodicosis on skin?

Tea tree oil: contact allergy and chemical composition

Phytotherapy of chronic dermatitis and pruritus of dogs with a topical preparation containing tea tree oil (Bogaskin®)

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