ChemInform Abstract: 4,10‐Dinitro‐2,6,8,12‐tetraoxa‐4,10‐diazatetracyclo(5.5.0.05,9.03,11)‐dodecane.

Ramakrishnan, V. T.; Vedachalam, M.; Boyer, J. H.

doi:10.1002/chin.199040227

Cited by 2 publications

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“…They found that applying shear and strain to FOX-7 greatly sensitizes the compound,w hile TATB showed little increase in sensitivity under shear and strain. 4,10-Dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]-dodecane (TEX)w as first synthesized by Boyer and co-workers [101] by the condensation1 ,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine with glyoxal in the presenceo fs ulfuric acid followed by nitric acid in 92 % yield. TEX is an interesting high-densityi nsensitivee nergetic compound with ad ensity of 1.985gcm À3 ,a pproximately 83 %t he power of RDX, and DSC peak exotherm at 308 8C.…”

Section: Fox-7 Nto and Texmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Structure, Synthesis, and Properties of Insensitive Energetic Compounds

Pagoria

2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

110

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1IntroductionIn general, highe xplosivesa re categorized as primary,s econdary,a nd tertiary explosives, basedo nt heir sensitivity to mechanical insults. Primarye xplosivesa re very sensitive to mechanical and electricali nitiation and are used as initiating explosives in an explosivet rain. Secondary explosives are less sensitivet om echanical stimuli, although in many cases can still be somewhat sensitive materials. Te rtiary explosives are generallyv ery insensitivee xplosivesv ery often consistingo fa no xidizer and af uel, and are generallyu sed in mining. Subsets of secondary explosives are insensitive energetic compoundso rm aterials. Insensitive energetic compounds are defined as compoundst hat have relatively benign responses to externali nsults such as impact, shock, spark, friction, and heat. Understandingt he various factors that affectt he sensitivity of energetic compoundst ov arious mechanical insults plays an important role in the design of new,i nsensitive, and thermally stable higher-performance energetic materials. While there have been several excellent reviewsa nd books on new energetic compounds in the past 15 years [1-7],t his review will concentrate on insensitivee nergetic compounds. Also this paper will concentrate on insensitive energeticc ompounds and not discuss insensitivee nergetic formulationso rm ixtures or engineering methods to decrease sensitivity.Althoughs park and friction sensitivity are important, impact, shock, and thermal stabilitya re the most commonly used measurements to determine the relatives ensitivity of ag iven compoundc ompared to knowns tandards. In this paper the term insensitivity will refer mainly to impact and thermal sensitivity.I mpact sensitivity is generally measured by using a" drop hammer" impact machine, in which an anvil of ag iven weight (generally 5kg) is allowed to impact as mall sample (ca. 35 mg) of an explosive and the responsei sr ecorded. Historically,d rop hammer results (Dh 50 or H 50 )w ere reported as the height, at which there is a5 0% probabilityo fi gnition. In recenty ears, some authors are convertingt he recorded drop hammer heights to Joules and are reporting the energy required at which there is a5 0% probability of ignition. Thermal stabilitym ay be measured using several methods including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermala nalysis (DTA), chemical reactivity test (CRT), vacuum stability test (VTS), slow cook-off test, and fast cook-off test.The industry standardf or an insensitive energetic compound is 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), ar easonably powerful explosive, whose response to shock, thermal, impact and friction insultsi ss ignificantly more benign than that of any other knownm aterial of comparable energy [8,9].T his "enhanced" insensitivity of TATB has led to as ignificant amount of studies on how various physical properties including molecular structure,c rystal structure, and crystal packing of TATB contributes to its "enhanced" insensitivity,a nd how these physical properties c...

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Section: Fox-7 Nto and Texmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Structure, Synthesis, and Properties of Insensitive Energetic Compounds

Pagoria

2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

110

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“…Two most prominent and powerful secondary explosives are CL-20 (C 6 H 6 N 12 O 12 : hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, also called HNIW) and TEX (C 6 H 6 N 4 O 8 : 4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazaisowurtzitane). TEX structure is obtained by replacing four nitramine groups in CL-20 by ether bridges, but the synthesis procedures for the two materials are different. , The absence of some sterically demanding nitramine groups reduces the sensitivity of TEX and the cage structure preserves the high density of CL-20. Apart from its insensitivity and high performance, high density and detonation velocity make TEX noteworthy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New High Pressure Phases of Energetic Material TEX: Evidence from Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and First-Principles Calculations

et al. 2018

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Samples of energetic material TEX (CHNO) are studied using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) up to 27 GPa pressure. There are clear changes in the Raman spectra and XRD patterns around 2 GPa related to a conformational change in the TEX molecule, and a phase transformation above 11 GPa. The molecular structures and vibrational frequencies of TEX are calculated by density functional theory based Gaussian 09W and CASTEP programs. The computed frequencies compare well with Raman spectroscopic results. Mode assignments are carried out using the vibrational energy distribution analysis program and are also visualized in the Materials Studio package. Raman spectra of the high pressure phases indicate that the sensitivity of these phases is more than that of the ambient phase.

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ChemInform Abstract: 4,10‐Dinitro‐2,6,8,12‐tetraoxa‐4,10‐diazatetracyclo(5.5.0.05,9.03,11)‐dodecane.

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

A Comparison of the Structure, Synthesis, and Properties of Insensitive Energetic Compounds

A Comparison of the Structure, Synthesis, and Properties of Insensitive Energetic Compounds

New High Pressure Phases of Energetic Material TEX: Evidence from Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and First-Principles Calculations

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