Marine microorganisms, particularly marine fungi, have recently gained prominence as an important source of biologically active secondary metabolites.1) Among the marine fungi, those living in association with marine algae are a particularly promising source of novel natural products due to the special ecological niche in which they exist.2) As part of a program to explore the bioactive metabolites produced by fungi isolated from marine habitats, our efforts have focused on microorganisms found in association with edible seaweed.3) From the surface of the edible green algae, Codium fragile (Korean name: CheongGak), we have isolated a fungal strain Aspergillus flavus. When cultivated under saline conditions, the broth and mycelium of a 1 l cultivation of A. flavus were found to exhibit mild antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and multidrug-resistant S. aureus. This paper describes the isolation and structure elucidation of two antibacterial cerebrosides, flavusides A (1) and B (2), and identification of four known phomaligol A (3), kojic acid (4), methyl kojic acid (5), and dimethyl kojic acid (6). C-NMR spectra of 1, including spectra from distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT), correlation spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation (HMQC), and heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC) experiments, revealed signals that were ascribable to a monosaccharide (an anomeric proton at d H 4.11), an amide linkage (a nitrogenated methine proton at d H 3.81 and a carbonyl carbon at d C 173.7), and an aliphatic long chain (terminal methyl protons at d H 0.85 and methylene protons at d H 1.22-1.43), indicating that the compound was a glycosphingolipid. The 6) The absolute configuration of the glucose moiety was found to be D (vide infra). Seoul 130-701, Korea. Received April 15, 2011; accepted June 7, 2011; published online June 8, 2011 Flavusides A (1) and B (2), two new antibacterial cerebroside derivatives, and the previously described phomaligol A (3), kojic acid (4), methyl kojic acid (5), and dimethyl kojic acid (6) have been isolated from the extract of a marine isolate of the fungus Aspergillus flavus. The structure and absolute stereochemistry of two cerebrosides were assigned on the basis of NMR and Tandem FAB-MS/MS experiments. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 exhibited a mild antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and multidrug-resistant S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for each strain are as follows: compounds 1 and 2 showed 15.6 m mg/ml for S. aureus and 31.2 m mg/ml for methicillin-resistant S. aureus and multidrug-resistant S. aureus, and compound 3 exhibited 31.2 m mg/ml for S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus and 62.5 m mg/ml for multidrug-resistant S. aureus.