In silico-based optimization
of Ir/P,S-catalysts for the asymmetric
hydrogenation of unfunctionalized olefins using (E)-1-(but-2-en-2-yl)-4-methoxybenzene as a benchmark olefin has been
carried out. DFT calculations revealed that the thioether group has
a major role in directing the olefin coordination. This, together
with the configuration of the biphenyl phosphite group, has an impact
in maximizing the energy gap between the most stable transition states
leading to opposite enantiomers. As a result, the optimized catalyst
proved to be efficient in the hydrogenation of a range of alkenes
with the same substitution pattern and olefin geometry as the benchmark
olefin, regardless of the presence of functional groups with different
coordination abilities (ee values up to 97%). Appealingly, further
modifications at the thioether groups and at the biaryl phosphite
moiety allowed the highly enantioselective hydrogenation of olefins
with different substitution patterns (e.g., α,β-unsaturated
lactones and lactams, 1,1′-disubstituted enol phosphinates,
and cyclic β-enamides; ee values up to >99%).