ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly, Industrial Process for Synthesis of (S)‐3‐(Aminomethyl)‐5‐methylhexanoic Acid [Pregabalin].

Proline-Cu Complex Based 1,3,5-Triazine Coated on Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Nanocatalyst for the Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehyde with Malononitrile

“…19,20 For instance, as the first step to synthesize (S)-(+)-3-aminomethyl 5-methylhexanoic acid, the Knoevenagel condensation was carried out between diethyl malonate and valeraldehyde. 21,22 Also, many other drugs such as pioglitazone, 23 atorvastatin, 24 and coartem 25 30 acid−base bifunctional sulfonated graphitic carbon nitride (S-g-C 3 N 4 ), 31 heterogeneous catalysts, 32 imidazole-stimulated self-assembly of polyoxovanadate cluster organic framework, 33 MgAl-LDH/ZIF-8, 34 potassium-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride supported on reduced graphene oxide (KGCN-RGO), 35 metal−organic framework (MOF), 36 silica-L-proline, 37 Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -3 N, 38 montmorillonite KSF, 39 Ce(III) and Lu(III) metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), 40 nickel metal−organic framework (MOF), 41 H 2 O/1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), 42 organic compounds, 43 papain, 44 lipase, 45 composite oxides, 46,47 Nmm-based ionic liquids, 48 ethylenediammonium diacetate, 49 phosphane, 50 hydroquinone and benzoquinone, 51 L-proline, 52 magnesium oxide (MgO), 53 and iron. 54 However, some of these approaches have some drawbacks such as difficult reaction conditions, low yield of desired product, long reaction time, the need to have large amounts of catalysts, and using toxic catalyst or solvents and expensive catalyst precursors.…”

“…The final step is accompanied by the elimination of water . This kind of reaction is attractive and important due to its presence in total synthesis, − drugs, and one-step synthesis of several molecules. , For instance, as the first step to synthesize ( S )-(+)-3-aminomethyl 5-methylhexanoic acid, the Knoevenagel condensation was carried out between diethyl malonate and valeraldehyde. , Also, many other drugs such as pioglitazone, atorvastatin, and coartem have been prepared by this condensation. In recent years, various catalysts were developed for the Knoevenagel condensation such as {[(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 ] 2 [CaZn­(TDP)­(H 2 O)]·3DMF·3H 2 O} n (NUC-21), {(Me 2 NH 2 ) 4 [Eu 4 (DDAC) 3 (HCO 2 )­(OH 2 ) 2 ]·8DMF·9H 2 O} n (NUC-41), {(Me 2 NH 2 ) 2 [Mn 2 (TDP)­(H 2 O) 2 ]·3H 2 O·3DMF} n (NUC-31; DMF = N , N -dimethylformamide), {(Me 2 NH 2 )­[Tm 3 (BDCP) 2 (H 2 O) 3 ]·4DMF·H 2 O} n (simplified as NUC-25), {[Ba 3 Zn 4 (TDP) 2 (HCO 2 ) 2 (OH 2 ) 2 ]·7DMF·4H 2 O} n (NUC-27), acid–base bifunctional sulfonated graphitic carbon nitride (S-g-C 3 N 4 ), heterogeneous catalysts, imidazole- stimulated self-assembly of polyoxovanadate cluster organic framework, MgAl-LDH/ZIF-8, potassium-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride supported on reduced graphene oxide (KGCN-RGO), metal–organic framework (MOF), silica- l -proline, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -3 N, montmorillonite KSF, Ce­(III) and Lu­(III) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), nickel metal–organic framework (MOF), H 2 O/1,4-diazabicyclo­[2.2.2]­octane (DABCO), organic compounds, papain, lipase, composite oxides, , Nmm-based ionic liquids, ethylenediammonium diacetate, phosphane, hydroquinone and benzoquinone, l -proline, magnesium oxide (MgO), and iron .…”