“…Owing to their excellent size, shape, and compositional homogeneity, colloidally synthesized inorganic nanostructures are considered as future building blocks for novel electronic and optoelectronic materials . At present, monodisperse inorganic nanocrystals (NCs) smaller than 20 nm and with size distributions not exceeding 10–20% serve as a convenient platform for studying individual size-dependent properties of NCs (luminescent quantum dots, nanomagnets, and catalysts) − and collective optical or electronic responses in NC arrays (charge transport, lasing, photoconductivity, photovoltaics). − There is also a growing recognition that complex electron and ion transport phenomena occurring in Li-ion batteries (LiBs) and in related electrochemical energy storage technologies can also be better understood and further tailored using well-defined NCs as active electrode materials. − In the last 10 years, nanostructuring has revived a tremendous interest to a large number of those alternative cathode and anode materials which, despite the ability to uptake large quantities of Li-ions, were previously discarded on the basis of poor electronic conductivity, slow reaction kinetics, or large volumetric changes. Nonexhaustive list of these substances includes group IV elements (Si, Ge, Sn), their alloys and heterostructures, as well as metal oxides and fluorides. − …”