ChemInform Abstract: Reactive Intermediates During Oxidation of Water at Lead Dioxide and Platinum Electrodes.

Wabner, Dietrich; Grambow, Clemens

doi:10.1002/chin.198602015

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…1), as it neither reacts with singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), superoxide anions (O 2 − ) or other peroxy compounds [14][15][16][17]. However, ozone, hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite are other strong chemical oxidants, which besides the hydroxyl radicals have been shown to bleach RNO by chemical oxidation [13,18]. The rate of RNO bleaching was used to evaluate the performance of a developed photo reactor with respect to the TiO 2 surface area available of reaction, pH and aerobic/anaerobic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline and a comparison to the performance of other AOP technologies

Simonsen

Muff

Bennedsen

et al. 2010

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry

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a b s t r a c tIn this paper, the performance of a developed photo reactor has been studied using the process of bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline (RNO). The effect of available surface area in the reactor has been tested with the TiO 2 suspension system as reference, as well as the influence of operating parameters as pH and aerobic/anaerobic conditions. The bleaching of RNO by UV light alone was found to be significantly slower compared to the bleaching observed when applying photocatalysis, but the initial bleaching rate when applying TiO 2 in suspension was still 7 times faster compared to the most efficient immobilized TiO 2 treatment set up. An approximate linear correlation between the surface area of the TiO 2 available for reaction and the initial rate of bleaching was found. In addition, the kinetics of the photocatalytic bleaching was found to obey L-H kinetics. The pH of the solution was found to influence the rate of bleaching presumably due to the change in the surface charge of TiO 2 . Also aerobic/anaerobic conditions and the presence of hydroxyl radical scavenger had a profound influence on the bleaching rate, where the reductive bleaching process was found to be much faster than the oxidative bleaching paths. When comparing the obtained rates of bleaching of RNO in the photocatalytic reactors to two competitive AOPs, UV/S 2 O 8 2− and conductive-diamond electrochemical oxidation (CDEO), the CDEO process was the most energy efficient for bleaching of RNO.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline and a comparison to the performance of other AOP technologies

Simonsen

Muff

Bennedsen

et al. 2010

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry

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“…In addition to bromine and chlorine, the electrolysis also generates several other oxidants, such as hydroxyl radicals (OH Á ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ) [3,[11][12][13]. Even though hydroxyl radical and ozone are formed, these are insignificant to inactivate micro-organisms due to the low concentration and short lifetime of these oxidants.…”

Section: Tro Formation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…From reactions (2)-(9) in (Table 2), the bromine and chlorine are produced by electrolysis in seawater at the same time. In water containing bromide ions, chlorine quickly changes to bromine by reactions (10) and (11) [15,16].…”

Section: Tro Formation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous study [14], the main TRO component was estimated based on the chemical reactions (2)- (11). From reactions (2)-(9) in (Table 2), the bromine and chlorine are produced by electrolysis in seawater at the same time.…”

Section: Tro Formation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments were performed using two types of electrodes, IrO 2 /Ti and Pt/Ti, under various salinity conditions (4, 8, 16, 32, and 46 PSU) and current density conditions (11, 33, 55, 111, and 222 mA/cm 2 ). The electrolysis produced mainly bromine, which was measured as a total residual oxidant (TRO).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of energy consumption for effective seawater electrolysis based on the electrodes and salinity

Jung

Yoon

Kwon

et al. 2016

Desalination and Water Treatment

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2015): Evaluation of energy consumption for effective seawater electrolysis based on the electrodes and salinity, Desalination and Water Treatment, A B S T R A C TThis study recommended the effective condition in electrolysis of saline water considering the energy consumption. The experiments were performed using two types of electrodes, IrO 2 /Ti and Pt/Ti, under various salinity conditions (4, 8, 16, 32, and 46 PSU) and current density conditions (11, 33, 55, 111, and 222 mA/cm 2 ). The electrolysis produced mainly bromine, which was measured as a total residual oxidant (TRO). Seawater electrolysis produced TRO linearly with increasing the run time and current density. Below 32 PSU, the electrolysis using the IrO 2 /Ti electrode produced the TRO greater than that using the Pt/Ti electrode. The TRO formation rate of the IrO 2 /Ti electrode increased following a half parabola pattern in terms of salinity, while that of the Pt/Ti electrode increased until 32 PSU, and then it decreased to 46 PSU. The measured electric power of both electrodes showed the same graph tendency with a parabolic curve as a quadratic equation. The energy consumption of the IrO 2 /Ti and Pt/Ti electrodes showed a quite different tendency. Considering the energy consumption as well as the required time for TRO formation, the same range of current density (30-50 mA/cm 2 ) is recommended for the two electrodes, IrO 2 /Ti and Pt/Ti electrodes, even in a different tendency of energy consumption.

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Electrochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol at nickel–antimony doped tin oxide electrode

et al. 2006

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The effectiveness of a novel nickel-antimony doped tin oxide electrode for electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants was investigated using 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as a model toxic organic. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimal Ni content was at Ni:Sn=1:500 in atomic ratio in the precursor coating solution, whereas the Sb:Sn ratio was set at 8:500. Using the electrode prepared with the optimal Ni doping ratio for 4-CP degradation, the charge-based efficiencies were up to 89 microg C(-1) for 4-CP destruction and 15 microg C(-1) for TOC removal, which were considerably higher than the efficiencies observed for other electrodes. It is suggested that the enhancement of the electrode for electrochemical oxidation of organics could be attributed to the production of hydroxyl radicals in anodic water electrolysis.

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ChemInform Abstract: Reactive Intermediates During Oxidation of Water at Lead Dioxide and Platinum Electrodes.

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Photocatalytic bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline and a comparison to the performance of other AOP technologies

Photocatalytic bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline and a comparison to the performance of other AOP technologies

Evaluation of energy consumption for effective seawater electrolysis based on the electrodes and salinity

Electrochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol at nickel–antimony doped tin oxide electrode

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