This review is focused on the analysis of current data on new methods of alkenylation of arenes and heteroarenes with alkynes by transition metal catalyzed reactions, Bronsted/Lewis acid promoted transformations, and others. The synthetic potential, scope, limitations, and mechanistic problems of the alkenylation reactions are discussed. The insertion of an alkenyl group into aromatic and heteroaromatic rings by inter- or intramolecular ways provides a synthetic route to derivatives of styrene, stilbene, chalcone, cinnamic acid, various fused carbo- and heterocycles, etc.