A major histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of amyloid deposits in the parenchyma of the amygdala, hippocampus, and neocortex1}. The principal component of the amyloid is the /3-amyloid protein (A/?), a 39-43 amino acid peptide composedof a portion of the transmembrane domain and the extracellular domain of the amyloid precursor protein (APP)2). The neurotoxicity of the A/3 has been detected in several cell systems, including primary cultured neurons3). The A/3 having an alanine C-terminus is derived from the proteolytic cleavage of the APPby the action of the yet unidentified endoproteolytic enzymes, /3-and y-secretase4). Recent studies have suggested that prolyl endopeptidase could be involved in the processing of the C-terminal portion of the APP in AD5). The prolyl endopeptidase [PEP; EC 3.4.21,26] is a serine protease, which is known to cleave peptide substrates in the C-terminal side of proline residues6). It plays an important role in degradation of the proline-containing neuropeptides such as oxytocin, vasopressin, substance P, neurotensin and angiotensin, which were suggested to participate in learning and memory processes7'8-*. It was found that the PEP