“…The electrochemical reduction of perchlorate ion has been reported for a wide variety of cathodes, including platinum (Horányi and Vértes, 1975b;Vasina and Petrii, 1969), tungsten carbide Vértes, 1974, 1975a;Vértes and Horányi, 1974), ruthenium (Gonzales Tejera and Colom Polo, 1984), carbon doped with chromium(III) oxide or aluminum oxide (Mouhandess et al, 1980), aluminum (Kiss et al, 1973), and titanium Tsinman et al, 1975). Brown (1986) showed that chlorate and perchlorate may be reduced successfully to chloride by active titanium, and he discusses the possibility of passivation of the titanium electrode as titanium(IV) forms, presumably from the deposition of titanium dioxide.…”