Data on the production and structure of oxazole, thiazole, and imidazole aldoximes, ketoximes, and amidoximes and their derivatives are reviewed.The oximes of five-membered heterocyclic compounds with two heteroatoms are widely used as intermediates in fine organic synthesis. The principal methods for the production of oxazole, thiazole, and imidazole aldoximes, ketoximes, amidoximes, and their derivatives are summarized in this review. The principal methods of investigation of the structure of the oximes of five-membered heterocyclic compounds with two heteroatoms in relation to their isomerism are examined briefly. The characteristics of the reactions and biological activity of the oximes of five-membered heterocyclic compounds with two heteroatoms will be presented in the second part of the review.