The experimental ability to alter
graphene (G) conductivity by
adsorption of a single gas molecule is promoting the development of
ultra-high-sensitivity gas detectors and could ultimately provide
a novel playground for future nanoelectronics devices. At present,
the underpinning effect is broadly attributed to a variation of G
carrier concentration, caused by an adsorption-induced Fermi-level
shift. By means of first-principle Kubo–Greenwood calculations,
here we demonstrate that adsorbate-induced orbital distortion could
also lead to small but finite G conductivity changes, even in the
absence of Fermi-level shifts. This mechanism enables a sound physical
interpretation of the observed variable sensitivity of G devices to
different chemical moieties, and it can be strongly enhanced by using
a suitable Ni substrate, thereby opening new pathways for the optimal
design of operational nanoscale detectors.