Chemistry and biosynthesis of bacterial polycyclic xanthone natural products

Abstract

The structures, biological activities, possible cytotoxic mechanisms, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of bacterial polycyclic xanthone natural products (BPXNPs) are discussed.

Biosynthetic Pathways of Dimeric Natural Products Containing Bisanthraquinone and Related Xanthones

“…Anthraquinone [16–21] and the related xanthone [22–31] are important skeletons widely occurring in bioactive compounds with the anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and neuroprotection effects. In addition to anthraquinone and the related xanthone monomers, dimeric natural products containing bisanthraquinone [32] and related xanthones [33] show not only great bioactivities against bacteria and cancer cells, also excellent photodynamic activity for potential applications in photodynamic therapy (Figure 1).…”

“…[10][11][12][13] Moreover, the study on the gene cluster and biosynthetic pathways of natural products attracts attention of chemists, biologists, and pharmacists, because they might help scientists improve the production through metabolic engineering and modify the structure by enzyme engineering to produce a series of derivatives. [14,15] Anthraquinone [16][17][18][19][20][21] and the related xanthone [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] are important skeletons widely occurring in bioactive compounds with the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and neuroprotection effects. In addition to anthraquinone and the related xanthone monomers, dimeric natural products containing bisanthraquinone [32] and related xanthones [33] show not only great bioactivities against bacteria and cancer cells, also excellent photodynamic activity for potential applications in photodynamic therapy (Figure 1).…”

Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Preliminary Mechanistic Study of a Novel Mitochondrial-Targeted Xanthone

“…Xanthones are a type of phenolic compounds with hydroxy groups showing extensive biological and pharmacological activities [ 9 ]. Mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana ), a tropical fruit tree, is an abundant source of xanthones and derivatives.…”

Diastereoselective Ring Expansion of Cyclic Ketones Enabled by HAT-Initiated Radical Cascade

“…Medium-sized rings are found in numerous biologically active synthetic compounds and natural products, such as salvinorin A, bigelovin, and taxol (Scheme a). The relative rigidity and diverse 3D spatial properties of cyclized molecules often result in improved binding affinity to biological receptors, oral bioavailability, and cell permeability compared with analogous acyclic molecules . From the standpoint of generating molecular diversity and complexity in organic synthesis, cyclized frameworks have played a significant role in the synthesis of natural products and medicinal libraries .…”