Chemistry and kinetics of chemical vapour deposition of pyrocarbon: I. Fundamentals of kinetics and chemical reaction engineering

Benzinger, W.; Becker, A.; Hüttinger, Klaus J.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(96)00010-3

Cited by 141 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Nowadays, carbon nanomaterials are being manufactured mainly in the form of single-or multi-walled nanotubes (Dasgupta et al 2011, Prasek et al 2011. In contrast, carbon deposition process (coking, fouling) is highly undesirable in petrochemistry (Benzinger et al 1996) at cracking and dehydrogenation processes and also in the solid oxide fuel cell technology. Likewise, combustion of carbon containing fuels is frequently accompanied by soot formation due to incomplete oxidation (Wijayanta et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Jaworski

Zakrzewska

Pianko‐Oprych

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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AbstractExtensive literature information on experimental thermodynamic data and theoretical analysis for depositing carbon in various crystallographic forms is examined, and a new three-phase diagram for carbon is proposed. The published methods of quantitative description of gas-solid carbon equilibrium conditions are critically evaluated for filamentous carbon. The standard chemical potential values are accepted only for purified single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). Series of C-H-O ternary diagrams are constructed with plots of boundary lines for carbon deposition either as graphite or nanotubes. The lines are computed for nine temperature levels from 200°C to 1000°C and for the total pressure of 1 bar and 10 bar. The diagram for graphite and 1 bar fully conforms to that in (Sasaki K, Teraoka Y. Equilibria in fuel cell gases II. The C-H-O ternary diagrams. J Electrochem Soc 2003b, 150: A885–A888). Allowing for CNTs in carbon deposition leads to significant lowering of the critical carbon content in the reformates in temperatures from 500°C upward with maximum shifting up the deposition boundary O/C values by about 17% and 28%, respectively, at 1 and 10 bar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Jaworski

Zakrzewska

Pianko‐Oprych

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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“…The average and root-mean-square roughness were 1.1 ± 0.2 nm and 1.5 ± 0.3 nm, respectively. Raman spectroscopy measurements reported elsewhere [8] revealed that PyC films produced at our experimental conditions are composed of randomly oriented and intertwined graphene flakes with typical size less than 5 nm. The films also consist of small amounts of amorphous carbon and sp 2 -sp 3 bonds.…”

Section: Pyc Films Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…PyC films (see Figure 1) were deposited on 0.5 mm thick quartz substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), described in more detail elsewhere [6,8]. Briefly, the CVD chamber was heated to 700 °C in hydrogen atmosphere ~10 mBar.…”

Section: Pyc Films Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Properties of Graphene-like Films in Ka-Band

et al. 2014

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Abstract:We studied electromagnetic properties of pyrolytic carbon (PyC) films with thicknesses from 9 nm to 110 nm. The PyC films consisted of randomly oriented and intertwined graphene flakes with a typical size of a few nanometers were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 1100 °C on a quartz substrate. The reflectance and transmittance of these films in K a -band, 26-37 GHz, were studied both experimentally and theoretically. The discovered remarkably high absorption loss of up to 50% of incident power, along with chemical stability, makes PyC films attractive for electromagnetic (EM) interference shielding in space and airspace communication systems, as well as in portable electronic devices occupying this frequency slot. Since, in practical applications, the PyC film should be employed for coating of dielectric surfaces, two important issues to be addressed are: (i) which side (front or back) of the substrate should be covered to ensure maximum absorption losses; and (ii) the frequency dependence of absorbance/transmittance/reflectance of binary PyC/quartz structures in the K a -band. OPEN ACCESSAppl. Sci. 2014, 4 256

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“…One of the key issues is the closed porosity formed during first carbonization or the following saturation, which does not enable achieving suitably high densities of processed composites [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of C/C composites processed by wet impregnation and P-CVI methods

et al. 2011

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Wet impregnation with phenolic resin and P-CVI methods were used to manufacture C/C composites. The influence of impregnation process of porous 2D carbon fibre substrate with resin and pyrocarbon deposited by CVD technique on mechanical properties of formed composites was studied. The results indicate that using P-CVI method large pores remain in the matrix resulting in lower mechanical strength. This fraction does not undergo any changes during thermal treatment. The flexural modulus of C/C composites depends mainly on the type of reinforcing fibres. The values of moduli measured in composites obtained by both methods do not differ significantly.Comparison of two methods of fabrication of C/C composite show that much better strengths can be achieved by forming the carbon matrix in solid state.

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Chemistry and kinetics of chemical vapour deposition of pyrocarbon: I. Fundamentals of kinetics and chemical reaction engineering

Cited by 141 publications

References 24 publications

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Electromagnetic Properties of Graphene-like Films in Ka-Band

Mechanical properties of C/C composites processed by wet impregnation and P-CVI methods

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