Chemistry and Physiology of Abscisin II, an Abscission-Accelerating Hormone

Addicott, Fredrick T.; Ohkuma, K.; Smith, O. E.; Thiessen, W. E.

doi:10.1021/ba-1966-0053.ch010

Cited by 20 publications

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“…The extract was evaporated in a Butchi "rotavapor" at 450 to yield a concentrated water resdule which was fuirther partitioned as described in figuire 1 (13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Native Growth Inhibitors from Citrus Shoots. Partition, Bioassay, and Characterization

Goldschmidt

1968

Plant Physiol.

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Abstract. A partition method has been devised to separate auxins, gibberellins, and their respective inhibitors in plant extracts. Inhibitors counteracting gibberellin activity have been detected by a modified barley endosperm bioassay. An inhibitor found in young citrus shoots counteracts both auxin and gibberellin activities and behaves during partition and ohromatography like abscisin II.The importance of native growth inhibitors has been emphasized by the recent studdies on the chemistry and physiology of abscisin II (17). Abscisin II proves to be an inhibitor of atuxin and gibberelilin mediated growth processes (3,16) and also of other hormonal responses (1,8,11).Inhibitors of auxin have often been studied in the past and can easily be bioassayed by coleoptile e-longation techniques. Inhibiltors of gibberellin were also described (6,16) and it has been shown that they may seriotusly initerfere with bioassay of gibberellin like substances (9).The commonly used bioassays for gibberellins are not suitable for the estimation of inhibitors. The barley endosperm bioassay technique (4, 5) has been adapted by uts for t,he bioassay of these inhibitors. Measuired amouints of exogenouis gibberellin are added to vials conltaininig eilther tissue extracts or water (controls), a full expression of gibberellin effect is found in control1s, whille native inhibitors partially or fully counteract gibberellin in the extract vials.We have also devised a solvent partition method allowing easy separation of gibberellins from their inhibitors. Using *these and other conventional techniques we separated anid characterized inhibitors from voung flushing ciltrus shoots. Materials and MethodsDefofiatedl flushing citruis branchlets were homogenized in 80 % methanol with an "UltraTurrax" followed by cloth filtration and centrifugation at 1500 X g for 10 mi-nutes. The extract was evaporated in a Butchi "rotavapor" at 450 to yield a concentrated water resdule which was fuirther partitioned as described in figuire 1. Each fraction Auxins and their inhibitors were estimated by a modified wheat coleoptile section test (13).Gibberellins and their inhlibitors were tested as folilows.The method of Coombe et al. (4) for husked varieties was used with some modifications. Two seed halves were incubated for 32 hours at 25°in the darkness in vials 2.5 ml in voluime, containing 1 ml of gibberellin solution or water and a 3 X 2 cm paper chromatogram section; sterilized water was used throughout. During incubation, vials were hor.izonitally rotated at 1 rpm. The rotation ensures better aeration, thhus solving the problems of solution de.pth discussed by Coombe et al. (4). and seems to provide for a better eltution of chromatogram sections. The released reducing stugars were determined by the method of Noelting et (if. (14) which is stufficiently accurate and mtlch simpler than the method'proposed by Paleg (15). Results and DiscussionThe partitioni method described in figure 1

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“…The extract was evaporated in a Butchi "rotavapor" at 450 to yield a concentrated water resdule which was fuirther partitioned as described in figuire 1 (13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abscisin II proves to be an inhibitor of atuxin and gibberelilin mediated growth processes (3,16) and also of other hormonal responses (1,8,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Native Growth Inhibitors from Citrus Shoots. Partition, Bioassay, and Characterization

Goldschmidt

1968

Plant Physiol.

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“…1905) as a plant hormone and a component of the inliibitor P-coniplex from many different species (Cornforth ct al. 1966, Milhorrow 1967, The chemical siruclure of this substance has heen determined (Addicott et al 1965), The synthetic product has the same physiological effects as the natural inhibitor in so far as it exerts a very strong inhibiting aclion on germination and growth (Milborrow 1967), Abscisie acid has been claimed lo be Ihe most important growth-inhibiting part of the (3-complex (Milborrow 19()7), It tlius became of intei'est to study the effects of abscisie acid on photophosphorylation and oxygen evolution in Scenedesmus, Salicylic and transcinnamic acids were tested, since they have been suggested as components of the p-comjilex (Koves 1957, Varga 1957, Koves and Varga 1958, Marinos and Hemberg 1960,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Abscisic Acid, Salicylic Acid and Trans‐cinnamic Acid on Phosphate Uptake, ATP‐level and Oxygen Evolution in Scenedesmus

Tillberg

1970

Physiologia Plantarum

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The effects of abscisic acid, salicylic acid and trans‐cinnamic acid were tested on the light‐induced phosphorylating reactions and oxygen evolution of the unicellular green alga Scenedesmus. It was found that abscisic acid and cinnamic acid had practically no influence on the total inorganic phosphate uptake, while salicylic acid in the concentration range of 10‐6 to 10‐3M gave a small decrease in the total inorganic phosphate uptake. The ATP level in the cells is in most cases increased when these three acids are given to the algae. The oxygen output is not significantly changed by abscisic acid or salicylic acid. Trans‐ cinnamic acid inhibits the oxygen evolution at concentrations of 10‐4–10‐3M None of the substances investigated caused such effects on photophosphorylation and oxygen evolution in Scenedesmus as those caused by the inhibitor β‐complex from potatoes according to earlier reports. It is suggested that these effects are due to other components in the inhibitor β‐complex.

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Zenk¹

1967

Progress in Botany

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Chemistry and Physiology of Abscisin II, an Abscission-Accelerating Hormone

Cited by 20 publications

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Native Growth Inhibitors from Citrus Shoots. Partition, Bioassay, and Characterization

Native Growth Inhibitors from Citrus Shoots. Partition, Bioassay, and Characterization

Effects of Abscisic Acid, Salicylic Acid and Trans‐cinnamic Acid on Phosphate Uptake, ATP‐level and Oxygen Evolution in Scenedesmus

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