Chemistry and Physiology of the Bound Auxins

Cohen, and J D; Bandurski, Robert S.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.33.060182.002155

Cited by 456 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…It has been suggested that other amide conjugates (with Ala, Leu, Gly, Phe, Val), which are good substrates for auxin amidohydrolases in vitro (reviewed by Ludwig-Müller 2011), participate in storage and hormone homeostasis as a slow-releasing source of free IAA (Hangarter and Good 1981). Seeds of many species are reported as rich in amide conjugates (Cohen and Bandurski 1982;Bialek and Cohen 1989;Ljung and others 2002), which are the main source of active auxins in the period of germination until young seedlings are capable of setting up their own de novo auxin biosynthesis (Rampey and others 2004).…”

Section: Amide Conjugates Of Iaamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of a plant's endogenous IAA is found not as a free and biologically active form, but rather as an ester linked to sugars or amide linked to amino acids and peptides. The proposed roles of these conjugates include storage, transport, compartmentalization, protection against degradation, and detoxification (Cohen and Bandurski 1982). Different plant species have distinct IAA conjugate profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endogenous Auxin Profile in the Christmas Rose (Helleborus niger L.) Flower and Fruit: Free and Amide Conjugated IAA

Brcko

Pěnčík

Magnus

et al. 2011

J Plant Growth Regul

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The reproductive development of the Christmas rose (Helleborus niger L.) is characterized by an uncommon feature in the world of flowering plants: after fertilization the white perianth becomes green and photosynthetically active and persists during fruit development. In the flowers in which fertilization was prevented by emasculation (unfertilized) or entire reproductive organs were removed (depistillated), the elongation of the peduncle was reduced by 20-30%, and vascular development, particularly lignin deposition in sclerenchyma, was arrested. Chlorophyll accumulation in sepals and their photosynthetic efficacy were up to 80% lower in comparison to fertilized flowers. Endogenous auxins were investigated in floral and fruit tissues and their potential roles in these processes are discussed. Analytical data of free indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-ethanol (IEt), and seven amino acid conjugates were afforded by LC-MS/MS in floral tissues of fertilized as well as unfertilized and depistillated flowers. Among amino acid conjugates, novel ones with Val, Gly, and Phe were identified and quantified in the anthers, and in the fruit during development. Reproductive organs before fertilization followed by developing fruit at post-anthesis were the main source of auxin. Tissues of unfertilized and depistillated flowers accumulated significantly lower levels of auxin. Upon depistillation, auxin content in the peduncle and sepal was decreased to 4 and 45%, respectively, in comparison to fruit-bearing flowers. This study suggests that auxin arising in developing fruit may participate, in part, in the coordination of the Christmas rose peduncle elongation and its vascular development.

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Section: Amide Conjugates Of Iaamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Auxin Profile in the Christmas Rose (Helleborus niger L.) Flower and Fruit: Free and Amide Conjugated IAA

Brcko

Pěnčík

Magnus

et al. 2011

J Plant Growth Regul

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“…Most of its auxin content is stored in the endosperm as ester conjugates of IAA. Upon imbibition, IAA conjugates are hydrolyzed and represent the predominant source of free auxin in the growing seedling (Cohen and Bandurski, 1982). Seeds of both transgenic lines show localized GUS staining at the radicle pole of the endosperm.…”

Section: Auxin-responsiveness Of Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential activation of the primary auxin response genes, PS‐IAA4/5 and PS‐IAA6, during early plant development

et al. 1996

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SummaryThe plant growth hormone auxin typified by indoleacetic acid (IAA) transcriptionally activates early genes in pea, PS.IAA4/5 and PS-IAA6, that are members of a multigene family encoding short-lived nuclear proteins. To gain first insight into the biological role of PS-IAA4/5 and PS-IAA6, promoter-~-glucuronidase (GUS) gene fusions were constructed and their expression during early development of transgenic tobacco seedlings was examined. The comparative analysis reveals spatial and temporal expression patterns of both genes that correlate with cells, tissues, and developmental processes known to be affected by auxin. GUS activity in seedlings of both transgenic lines is located in the root meristem, sites of lateral root initiation and.in hypocotyls undergoing rapid elongation. In addition, mutually exclusive cell-specific expression is evident. For instance, PS-IAA4/5-GUS but not PS-IAA6-GUS is expressed in root vascular tissue and in guard cells, whereas only PS-IAA6.-GUS activity is detectable in glandular trichomes and redistributes to the elongating side of the hypocotyl upon gravitropic stimulation. Expression of PS-IAA4/5 and PS-IAA6 in elongating, dividing, and differentiating cell types indicates multiple functions during development. The common and yet distinct activity patterns of both genes suggest a combinatorial code of spatio-temporal co-expression of the various PS-IAA4/ 5-like gene family members in plant development that may mediate cell-specific responses to auxin.

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“…The present work was designed to conflfm whether safranin, IAA-inositol synthase and AChE would be asymmetrically distributed in gravistimulated maize seedlings. Most of the hormone IAA occurs in maize seedlings as ester conjugates (Cohen and Bandurski, 1982). Since the synthesis of IAA-glucose, followed by transacylation to myo-inositol, represent the first steps in the IAA conjugation process, the enzymes catalyzing these steps are candidates for the regulation of IAA concentration by converting hormonally active free IAA into growth-inactive IAA ester (Bandurski et al, 1977;Bandurski et aI., 1990), as occur in the tropic responses to gravity and light.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IAA-inositol synthase catalyzes the transfer of IAA-acetate from 1-0-IAA-glucose to myo-inositol to form IAA-inositol and glucose (Kesy and Bandurski, 1990). This reaction is important because mature kernels of maize contain 99% of their endogenous IAA as ester conjugates and less than 1 % as the free acid (Cohen and Bandurski, 1982). Thus, the …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholine as a Signaling System to Environmental Stimuli in Plants: III. Asymmetric solute distribution controlled by ACh in gravistimulated maize seedlings

Momonoki

Hineno

Noguchi

1998

Plant Production Science

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Chemistry and Physiology of the Bound Auxins

Cited by 456 publications

References 88 publications

Endogenous Auxin Profile in the Christmas Rose (Helleborus niger L.) Flower and Fruit: Free and Amide Conjugated IAA

Endogenous Auxin Profile in the Christmas Rose (Helleborus niger L.) Flower and Fruit: Free and Amide Conjugated IAA

Differential activation of the primary auxin response genes, PS‐IAA4/5 and PS‐IAA6, during early plant development

Acetylcholine as a Signaling System to Environmental Stimuli in Plants: III. Asymmetric solute distribution controlled by ACh in gravistimulated maize seedlings

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