Chemistry and Reactions of Reactive Oxygen Species in Foods

Abstract

A AVID VID VID VID VID B B B B B. M . M . M . M . MIN IN IN IN IN ABSTRA ABSTRA ABSTRA ABSTRA ABSTRACT CT CT CT CT: R : R : R : R : Reactiv eactiv eactiv eactiv eactive o e o e o e o e oxygen species (R xygen species (R xygen species (R xygen species (R xygen species (ROS) is for OS) is for OS) is for OS) is for OS)is formed enzymatically med enzymatically med enzymatically med enzymatically med enzymatically, , and by irr y irr y irr y irr y irradiation adiation adiation adiation adiation of food. I of food. I of food. I of food. I of food. It is also for t is also for t is also for t is also for t is also formed b med b med b med b med by the decomposition and the inter y the decomposition and the inter y the decomposition and the inter y the decomposition and the inter y the decomposition and the inter-r -r -r -r -reactions of R eactions of R eactions of R eactions of R eactions of ROS. OS. OS. OS. OS. The hy The hyThe hy The hy The hydr dr dr dr dro o o o oxy r xy r xy r xy r xy radical is the most adical is the most adical is the most adical is the most adical is the most reactive ROS and then followed by singlet oxygen. Reactions of ROS with food components produce undesirable reactive ROS and then followed by singlet oxygen. Reactions of ROS with food components produce undesirable reactive ROS and then followed by singlet oxygen. Reactions of ROS with food components produce undesirable reactive ROS and then followed by singlet oxygen. Reactions of ROS with food components produce undesirable reactive ROS and then followed by singlet oxygen. Reactions of ROS with food components produce undesirable volatile compounds and carcinogens, destroy essential nutrients, and change the functionalities of proteins, lipids, volatile compounds and carcinogens, destroy essential nutrients, and change the functionalities of proteins, lipids, volatile compounds and carcinogens, destroy essential nutrients, and change the functionalities of proteins, lipids, volatile compounds and carcinogens, destroy essential nutrients, and change the functionalities of proteins, lipids, volatile compounds and carcinogens, destroy essential nutrients, and change the functionalities of proteins, lipids, and carbohy and carbohy and carbohy and carbohy and carbohydr dr dr dr drates ates ates ates ates. Lipid o . Lipid o . Lipid o .

Antioxidative gelatin hydrolysate from unicorn leatherjacket skin as affected by prior autolysis

“…The extensive hydrolysis probably caused the lower antioxidative activity, due to the generation of free amino acids which had lower antioxidative activity, compared to peptides (Hernandez- Ledesma et al 2005). H 2 O 2 , which is a weak oxidising agent, is not directly involved in the initiation of lipid oxidation because its reduction potential is lower than that of unsaturated fatty acid (Choe and Min 2005). However, H 2 O 2 shows indirect contribution to lipid oxidation.…”

“…However, H 2 O 2 shows indirect contribution to lipid oxidation. H 2 O 2 is the precursor for the generation of hydroxyl radical, which is a strong initiator of lipid oxidation (Choe and Min 2005). Thus, further hydrolysis of autolysed skin by GE slightly lowered H 2 O 2 scavenging activity of resulting hydrolysates.…”

Gestation linked radical oxygen species fluxes and vitamins and trace mineral deficiencies in the ruminant

“…Two enzymes associated with ROS trapping by GSH, glutathione peroxydase (Gpx) and glutathione reductase (Gred), which could help to maintain the GSH content of the cells, are respectively dependent on vitamin B6 [67] and B2 [68]. The two vitamins undergo extensive oxidative degradation after ROS trapping [69,70] and the depletion of the mitochondrial content of the 2 vitamins, can aggravate the detrimental effect of high rates of ROS production. Another enzyme of GSH metabolism, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGpx or Gpx-4) is essential to avoid the death of the embryo [71].…”

“…Other studies do not include any explanation for gestation failure with vitamin A in women [29], vitamin B1 in the rat [57], vitamin B2 in women [99], vitamin B9 in women [100] or in the pig [101] or vitamin B12 in the ewe [88,102]. Vitamin B2, which seems essential for the health of the fetus or adult [103], displays paradoxical ROS trapping activity [69] or, when added into cell culture medium, prooxidative activity [104]. These findings underline that we need to learn more on the mechanisms of vitamin action and dual potential.…”

“…Conflicting observations are obtained on the role of vitamin B1 deficiency in gestation failure: secretion of pituitary hormones or estrogen do not seem to be impaired despite a loss of appetite in gestating rats [57], while this vitamin can be recruited and activated in cells of the pituitary or blood vessel walls scavenging damaged cell components after an episode of ischemia [105] and is also an efficient ROS trapping component [59]. Increased rates of ROS fluxes have been reported in vitamin A, B2, B6, B9 or B12 deficiencies [60,94,[106][107][108] which, together with the ROS trapping ability of these compounds [21,60,61,69,70,109,110], points to some relationship to ROS phenomena, in addition to their effect on the control of gene expression and metabolism [29,65,67,68,[110][111][112].…”