Chemistry and synthesis of Bis Pyrazole derivatives and their biological activity: a review

Abstract

Pyrazole derivatives were used for all kinds of biological celerity like used for a core structure in a large of compounds that possess important pharmacological agents such as a potent anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity drug rimonabant, antitumor and analgesic. Various bis-pyrazole derivatives were introduced a great contribution not only in the synthetic chemistry but also used in the healthful chemistry field. In this review, we reported the different methods have been used for synthesis of pyrazole derivatives with some of them being used in the biological field.

Exploring the synthetic potential of a g-C3N4·SO3H ionic liquid catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 1,1-dihomoarylmethane scaffoldsviaKnoevenagel–Michael reaction

“…1 represent a subset of bioactive drugs that incorporate 1,1-dihomoarylmethane scaffolds. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Among 1,1-dihomoarylmethane scaffolds, bis-dimedones, bis-cyclohexanediones, bis-pyrazoles, and bis-coumarins have attracted the attention of the scientic community due to their potential applications in different elds. [15][16][17] Dimedone and 1,3cyclohexanedione are both cyclic diketones having various applications in organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, materials science, metal detection, and medicinal chemistry.…”

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“…Pyrazoles are an important class of compounds found naturally and synthesized chemically and consist of a five-membered ring with two nitrogen and three carbon atoms 8 . Because of this unique structure, they act as a scaffold and exhibit various biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, analgesic, antioxidant, antidepressant, hypoglycemic etc [9][10][11][12] . They also serve as lead compounds for pharmaceutical development for various applications 13 .…”

The inhibitory effect of some pyrazole ligands and their Cu(II) complexes on the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella–Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus

“…Pyrazole derivatives have interesting biological activities such as tumor cell growth activation, antileishmanial activity, anti-inflammatory agents, analgesic activity, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, α-glycosidase inhibitory, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and anticancer agents ( Rodhan* et al, 2021 ; Bhunia et al, 2020 ; Zebbiche et al, 2022 ). Many derivatives containing pyrazole nuclei have been commercialized as herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides for plant protection ( Abdel Reheim and Baker, 2017 ).…”