Chemistry, biogenesis and physiology of the carotenoids. (Carotenoids associated with chlorophyll.)

Goodwin, T. W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-94798-8_18

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…Table 2 presents pigment characteristics of living, dead, and decaying terrestrial organisms. Goodwin (1960Goodwin ( , 1965 found that leaves of all green plants examined contain the same four major carotenoids, p-carotene, lutein, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin; p-carotene can be accompanied sometimes by small amounts of a-carotene, and zeaxanthin and cryptoxanthin occasionally are present as minor components of the xanthophyll fraction. Sanger (1968) has followed pigments in oak, aspen, and hazel from initiation in buds in spring through to decomposition in autumn.…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Diversity of Pigments in Lake Sediments and Its Ecological Significance1

Sanger

Gorham

1970

Limnology & Oceanography

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Thin‐layer chromatography shows a large number of pigments (chlorophyll derivatives and carotenoids) in profundal lake sediments, diversity being somewhat greater in eutrophic than in oligotrophic lakes. Sedimentary pigments are much more numerous (24–47) than those of upland vegetation (7–8), aquatic macrophytes (12–15), and planktonic algae (10–21). Algal decomposition, which is accompanied by a marked increase in number of pigments, seems the most likely cause for the extreme diversity of sedimentary pigments.

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Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lutein, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin are the most ubiquitous xanthophylls (Nakayama lQ62;Goodwin 1960;Vallentyne 1960 ) .…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diversity of Pigments in Lake Sediments and Its Ecological Significance1

Sanger

Gorham

1970

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Other carotenoids of blue-green algae include echinenone (myxoxanthin) and myxoxanthophyll. Green bacteria chiefly contain y-carotene, and purple bacteria contain spirilloxanthin and lycopene (Goodwin, 1960). Although these are only a few of the carotenoids found in the three groups, they can be used to illustrate the important differences.…”

Section: (I) Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 b) shows a linear unsaturated hydrocarbon with a cyclic structure at each end (xanthophylls are closely related oxygenated derivatives of carotenes). All the carotenoids of photosynthetic organisms other than photosynthetic bacteria have cyclic structures at both ends of the molecule, those of purple bacteria are acyclic and in the green bacteria only one end is cyclic (Goodwin, 1960;Stanier, 1961 a). Bluegreen algae differ from photosynthetic bacteria in possessing two water-soluble pigment-protein complexes, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin.…”

Section: (I) Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Blue‐green Algae and Bacteria

1965

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Summary Recent studies of bacteria and blue‐green algae in the electron microscope have shown striking similarities in the basic cellular architecture of the two groups. This evidence has been presented in detail above and may be summarized as follows: (I) The cell envelope of blue‐green algae bears a superficial resemblance to the cell wall of bacteria, particularly to the Gram‐positive organisms. Like bacteria, blue‐green algae also possess a mucopeptide component as an important part of the cell wall. However, the composition of this mucopeptide component resembles more closely that of Gram‐negative bacteria, though more species of blue‐green algae need examination before the relationship can be established with any certainty. (2) The older distinction between the chromatophores of photosynthetic bacteria and the lamellae of blue‐green algae has been shown to be superficial. In both forms the essential feature of the photosynthetic apparatus is a pair of membranes enclosing a space; this may be large in bacterial chromatophores or small in ‘true’ lamellae. This basic structure is seen in higher plants where the lamellar systems are enclosed in a membrane‐bounded structure, the chloroplast. No such membrane isolates the photosynthetic machinery of bacteria and blue‐green algae. (3) No membrane isolates the nuclear material of blue‐green algae or bacteria. The nucleoplasm of these two groups is structurally similar and show the same morphological changes with variations of fixative treatment. (4) Both bacteria and blue‐green algae lack mitochondria, true vacuoles and an endoplasmic reticulum. Membranous structures (mesosomes) are widespread in bacteria and recently similar structures have been seen in blue‐green algae. (5) The nucleoplasm presumably divides by an amitotic process, as no stages of mitosis or meiosis have been observed in either group. The cell division in blue‐green algae shows a superficial resemblance to that of Gram‐positive bacteria. Recent observations on the cytoplasmic inclusions of the two groups have been presented above, but no pattern has yet emerged. The spores of the two groups have also been discussed and the little detailed observation available supports earlier suggestions of some important differences between the two groups. Bacteria and blue‐green algae also resemble each other and differ from other organisms in their method of ornithine biosynthesis, their apparent absence of sterols and their sensitivity to certain antibiotics. The evidence here summarized supports the suggestion that bacteria and blue‐green algae should be isolated in a group distinct from all other organisms. Two speculative aspects of the problem have been discussed: their evolutionary relationship with other organisms and with each other. With regard to the latter, it seems probable that bacteria and blue‐green algae arose from a common ancestor, since it is unlikely that so many features common to the cells of both groups arose independently more than once.

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“…review byGoodwin 1960), although other forms of control by nutrition, temperature and spectral quality of illumination also exist. At least part of the vertical differentiation observed in the 1958 and 1959 Blelham Tarn populations may originate in this way, and be influenced by the rate of vertical circulation of cells in the lake.…”

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Photosynthetic Behaviour in Stratified and Unstratified Lake Populations of a Planktonic Diatom

Talling¹

1966

The Journal of Ecology

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Chemistry, biogenesis and physiology of the carotenoids. (Carotenoids associated with chlorophyll.)

Cited by 3 publications

References 180 publications

The Diversity of Pigments in Lake Sediments and Its Ecological Significance1

The Diversity of Pigments in Lake Sediments and Its Ecological Significance1

The Relationship Between Blue‐green Algae and Bacteria

Photosynthetic Behaviour in Stratified and Unstratified Lake Populations of a Planktonic Diatom

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