Chemistry by microwaves

Fini, Adamo; Breccia, A.

doi:10.1351/pac199971040573

Cited by 105 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The results of the present work are in agreement with observations reported by other researches [13][14][15] that the so call "microwave effects" can induce different chemical reaction patterns than the ones occurring under conventional heating.…”

Section: Reduction Mechanism Of Magnetite To Wustitesupporting

confidence: 93%

Microwave Induced Solid–Solid Reactions between Fe3O4 and Carbon Black Powders

Ishizaki

Nagata

2008

ISIJ Int.

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Section: Reduction Mechanism Of Magnetite To Wustitesupporting

confidence: 93%

Microwave Induced Solid–Solid Reactions between Fe3O4 and Carbon Black Powders

Ishizaki

Nagata

2008

ISIJ Int.

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“…Microwaves (MW) have wavelengths of 1mm -1m, corresponding to frequencies between 0.3 -300 GHz. In general, in order to avoid interference, industrial and domestic microwave apparatus are regulated to 12.2 cm, corresponding to a frequency of 2.45 GHz, but other frequency allocations do exist (Mingos and Baghurst, 1991;Fini and Breccia, 1999).…”

Section: Microwave-enhanced Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different techniques for the production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil

Refaat

2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

283

118

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ABSTRACT:The production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil offers a triple-facet solution: economic, environmental and waste management. The new process technologies developed during the last years made it possible to produce biodiesel from recycled frying oils comparable in quality to that of virgin vegetable oil biodiesel with an added attractive advantage of being lower in price. Thus, biodiesel produced from recycled frying oils has the same possibilities to be utilized. While transesterification is well-established and becoming increasingly important, there remains considerable inefficiencies in existing transesterification processes. There is an imperative need to improve the existing biodiesel production methods from both economic and environmental viewpoints and to investigate alternative and innovative production processes. This study highlights the main changes occurring in the oil during frying in order to identify the characteristics of oil after frying and the anticipated effects of the products formed in the frying process on biodiesel quality and attempts to review the different techniques used in the production of biodiesel from recycled oils, stressing the advantages and limitations of each technique and the optimization conditions for each process. The emerging technologies which can be utilized in this field are also investigated. The quality of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable oil in previous studies is also reviewed and the performance of engines fueled with this biodiesel and the characteristics of the exhaust emissions resulting from it are highlighted. The overarching goal is to stimulate further activities in the field.

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“…In the presence of microwaves, common solvents are found to boil at higher temperatures: for water the difference is about 5 °C; 19 °C for methanol, up to 36 °C was the difference measured for tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile. These differences were explained with the different mode of energy supply (Fini and Breccia, 1999). Microwave irradiation, an unconventional energy source, has been used for a variety of applications including organic synthesis, wherein chemical reactions are accelerated because of selective absorption of MW energy by polar molecules, non-polar molecules being inert to the MW dielectric loss (Varma, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum reaction time, performance and exhaust emissions of biodiesel produced by microwave irradiation

Refaat

Sheltawy

Sadek

2008

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

128

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While transesterification is well established, there remain considerable inefficiencies in existing transesterification processes. In this study an alternative energy stimulant, ''microwave irradiation'' was used for the production of the alternative energy source, biodiesel. The optimum parametric conditions obtained from the conventional technique were applied using microwave irradiation in order to compare both systems. The results showed that application of radio frequency microwave energy offers a fast, easy route to this valuable biofuel with advantages of enhancing the reaction rate and improving the separation process. The methodology allows for the use of high free fatty acid content feedstock, including used cooking oil; hence it helps to reduce the cost of production which constitutes a major hurdle towards widespread commercialization of biodiesel. The study also showed that the optimum reaction time for microwave-enhanced biodiesel production should be highly respected. Exceeding the optimum reaction time will lead to deterioration of both biodiesel yield and purity. This paper also reported the performance and exhaust emissions from a diesel engine when fuelled with a petroleum diesel fuel and two different biodiesel fuels; one obtained by the conventional technique and the other by microwave irradiation. It was concluded that microwave-enhanced biodiesel is not, at least, inferior to that produced by the conventional technique.

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Chemistry by microwaves

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 105 publications

References 3 publications

Microwave Induced Solid–Solid Reactions between Fe3O4 and Carbon Black Powders

Microwave Induced Solid–Solid Reactions between Fe3O4 and Carbon Black Powders

Different techniques for the production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil

Optimum reaction time, performance and exhaust emissions of biodiesel produced by microwave irradiation

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