Chemistry, Microbiology and Biology of Water

Brandt, Malcolm J.; Johnson, K. Michael; Elphinston, Andrew J.; Ratnayaka, Don D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100025-0.00007-7

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Application of silicon in crops as a pre-harvest treatment provides a viable component of integrated management of insect pests and diseases as it does not leave pesticide residues in food or the environment, and it can be easily integrated with other pest management practices, including biological control 9 , 10 . When a powdered siliceous mineral is shaken with water, particles from large colloids to simpler ions can be dissolved in the aqueous solution forming different complex (such as colloidal silicic and orthosilicic acids) 11 , 12 . Silicon is absorbed by plant roots from the soil as monosilicic acid [(Si(OH) 4 ], transported throughout the plant tissue via transpiration and deposited in plant epidermal cell walls 13 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and foliar application of rock dust as natural control agent for two-spotted spider mites on tomato plants

Faraone

Evans

LeBlanc

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Mineral-based products represent a valid alternative to synthetic pesticides in integrated pest management. We investigated the effects of a novel granite dust product as an agent for controlling two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: tetranychidae), on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). two-choice tests for repellency and repulsiveness, and no-choice bioassays with different type of applications (soil, foliar, and soil-foliar) were used in order to evaluate performance and action of the product. evaluation of epidermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure of treated plants and elemental analyses of leaves were performed. in repulsiveness experiments, almost all dust treatments significantly inhibited mites from migrating to and/or settling on the treated leaf. In repellency experiments, foliar and soil dust treatments were not significantly different from control. Significant mortality was observed for all dust treatments in two-choice and in no-choice bioassays, suggesting mites are susceptible to rock dust by contact, and by indirect interaction through the feeding on plants subjected to soil application of rock dust. Leaf epidermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure of treated plants showed structural variation due to mineral accumulation, which was also confirmed by elemental analyses of leaves. These results demonstrate for the first time that granite rock dust interacts with two-spotted spider mites by modifying pest behavior and via acaricidal action, providing more insights in understanding the mechanism of this novel natural product as pest management tool. In the effort to find better alternatives to conventional synthetic pesticides and embrace reduce-risk strategy approaches in crop protection, mineral rock dusts offer an interesting option as natural products to prevent or control pests, diseases, and other plant pathogens, with a minimal impact on human health and the environment 1. Deployed as foliar spray application or as soil amendment, mineral-and dust-based products (such as diatomaceous earth) have been widely used in crop protection, with increasing interest in the agricultural sector as crop pest management tools 2-5. Rock dust is a valuable source of silicon (in the form of amorphous silica, SiO 2), which is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust. It has beneficial effects for plants under a range of abiotic and biotic stresses 6-8. Application of silicon in crops as a pre-harvest treatment provides a viable component of integrated management of insect pests and diseases as it does not leave pesticide residues in food or the environment, and it can be easily integrated with other pest management practices, including biological control 9,10. When a powdered siliceous mineral is shaken with water, particles from large colloids to simpler ions can be dissolved in the aqueous solution forming different complex (such as colloidal silicic and orthosilicic acids) 11,12. Silicon is absorbed by plant roots from the soil as monosilicic acid [(Si(OH)...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and foliar application of rock dust as natural control agent for two-spotted spider mites on tomato plants

Faraone

Evans

LeBlanc

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…We demonstrated a highly efficient 1 min self-cleaning performance combining backwash and electrochemical self-cleaning using 100 mM NaCl as the feed. However, such a high concentration of NaCl is found in brackish water or waste streams from advanced membrane-based wastewater reuse. − Chloride ion content is much lower in many feedwater sources that are treated by UF. , Therefore, we reduced the NaCl concentration in the feed to 10 mM to investigate the electrochemical performance of the h-CNT/CM on RCS generation and membrane self-cleaning. As shown in Figure a, at an applied voltage of 3 V, the RCS generation rate of the membrane using a feed of 10 mM NaCl (0.4 × 10 –4 mg Cl cm –2 min –1 ) is much lower than that using 100 mM NaCl as the feed (7.6 × 10 –4 mg Cl cm –2 min –1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Electrochemical Generation of Reactive Chlorine Species for Efficient Ultrafiltration Membrane Self-Cleaning

Wang

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

104

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Reactive membranes based on hydroxyl radical generation are hindered by the need for chemical dosing and complicated module and material design. Herein, we utilize an electrochemical approach featuring in situ generation of reactive (radical) chlorine species (RCS) through anodization of chloride ions for membrane self-cleaning. A hybridized carbon nanotube (CNT)-functionalized ceramic membrane (h-CNT/CM), possessing high hydrophilicity, permeability, and conductivity, was fabricated. Using carbamazepine (CBZ) as a probe, we confirmed the presence of RCS in the electrified h-CNT/CM. The rapid and complete degradation of CBZ in a single-pass ultrafiltration indicates a high localized RCS concentration within the three-dimensional porous CNT interwoven layer. We further demonstrate that the electrogeneration of RCS is a critical prestep for free chlorine (HClO and ClO–) formation. The self-cleaning efficiency of the membrane after fouling with a model organic foulant (alginate) was assessed using an electrified cross-flow membrane filtration system. The fouled h-CNT/CM exhibits a near complete water flux recovery following a short (1 min) self-cleaning with an applied voltage of 3 or 4 V and feed solutions of 100 or 10 mM sodium chloride, respectively. Considering the superior performance of the RCS-mediated self-cleaning compared to conventional membrane chemical cleaning using sodium hypochlorite, our results exemplify an effective strategy for in situ electrogeneration of RCS to achieve a highly efficient membrane self-cleaning.

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“…Potable water piped networks installed from the 1930s to the 1980s were comprised of asbestos cement composites and significant lengths of these pipes remain in use (Brandt et al 2017). Asbestos is a naturally occurring silicate with ultrafine fibrils, which, when bound together, substantially increase tensile strength, and are highly efficacious against thermal and chemical breakdown (Sporn 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite global restrictions on the use of asbestos and its associated health concerns, approximately 20% of the piped network in the UK and 15% in the USA persist as the original asbestos cement (Brandt et al 2017;Barton et al 2019). In a review of the causal mechanisms for pipe failure in the UK, Barton et al (2019) identified that the peak age for asbestos cement pipe failure is those installed approximately 60 to 80 years ago.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concentration and prevalence of asbestos fibres in Christchurch, New Zealand's drinking water supply

Mager

Knopick

Oddy³

2022

Water Supply

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Asbestos cement was a common construction material for water pipes during the twentieth century, as a replacement for metal piping that was vulnerable to corrosion. We report on the presence of asbestos fibres in drinking water supply in Christchurch, New Zealand from aging asbestos cement reticulated water supply. By sampling the mains water supply via hydrants, 19 of our 20 samples showed long asbestos fibres (>10 μm), with an average concentration 0.9 million fibres per litre (MFL). Short asbestos fibres (>0.5 μm) had an average concentration of 6.2 MFL. Sampling was targeted to pipes from 1930–1960s and there was abundant evidence of fibres being released from pipes of this age. Municipalities cannot continue to rely on aging asbestos-cement piping, as it appears to be releasing asbestos fibres into drinking water with uncertain health implications, and should prioritize replacing pipes greater than 50 years in age especially where high water pressures or land disturbance occur to reduce the risk of water-carried asbestos being released into urban environments, and mitigate any risk of asbestos from ingested contaminated water sources.

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Chemistry, Microbiology and Biology of Water

Cited by 38 publications

References 25 publications

Soil and foliar application of rock dust as natural control agent for two-spotted spider mites on tomato plants

Soil and foliar application of rock dust as natural control agent for two-spotted spider mites on tomato plants

In Situ Electrochemical Generation of Reactive Chlorine Species for Efficient Ultrafiltration Membrane Self-Cleaning

The concentration and prevalence of asbestos fibres in Christchurch, New Zealand's drinking water supply

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